選舉墨水
選舉墨水（英語：Election ink），是一種半永久性墨水或染料，選民在投票所完成投票後，由選務人員塗在選民的手指（通常為食指）上，以防止重複投票。對於公民身分證件沒有標準化或制度化的國家來說，這是一種有效防止選舉舞弊的方法。
這種墨水大多含有硝酸銀成份，會滲入皮膚角質層，難以用溶劑或界面活性劑等化學的方式清除，但通常在皮膚上停留72-96小時，在指甲和角質層區域會持續2至4週，之後逐漸消失[1]。
使用國家
編輯下列國家在投票時，使用選舉墨水：
阿富汗[2]（直到2021年）[3]
阿爾巴尼亞[4]
阿爾及利亞[5]
巴哈馬[6]
柬埔寨[7][8][9]
智利（直到2012年）[10]
多米尼克
埃及[11]
危地馬拉[6]
洪都拉斯
印度[12]
印度尼西亞[13]
伊拉克[14]
肯雅
黎巴嫩[15]
利比亞
馬來西亞[16][17]
馬爾代夫[6]
墨西哥
緬甸[18]
尼泊爾[19]
尼加拉瓜[20]
尼日利亞
巴基斯坦[21]
秘魯（直到2011年）[22][23]
菲律賓[24]
聖吉斯納域斯[25]
所羅門群島[26]
南非[27]
斯里蘭卡[28]
蘇丹[29]
敘利亞[30]
特立尼達和多巴哥
突尼斯[31]
土耳其（直到2009年）[32]
委內瑞拉[33]（直到2017年）[34]
津巴布韋[35]
參考資料
編輯- ^ Lok Sabha elections 2024: Sole supplier of indelible ink says 70% production complete. Hindustan Times. 2024-03-06 [2024-04-03] （英語）.
- ^ Boone, Jon. Afghanistan election ink safeguard fails detergent test. the Guardian. 20 August 2009.
- ^ Taliban, US hold first official talks since Afghanistan takeover. Al Jazeera. [2024-06-06] （英語）.
- ^ Skopje interested on the indedible ink used by Albania in the elections. www.balkaneu.com. 6 August 2024.
- ^ An Algerian man, with ink applied on his forefinger, prepares to vote a polling station in the Chanot Park on April 12, 2014 in Marseille, southern France. 12 April 2014.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Anne-Sofie Holm Gerhard, Melika Atic, Panto Letic and Peter Erben. Indelible Ink in Elections (PDF). International Foundation for Electoral Systems: 20–22. 2019. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2019-11-08）.
- ^ Khmer Times. (2023, July 7). The Ink To Prevent Double Voting. https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501320642/video-the-ink-to-prevent-double-voting/
- ^ Khmer Times. (2023, July 6). Gov't Spends Nearly $1m On Indelible Ink for National Elections. https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501320035/govt-spends-nearly-1m-on-indelible-ink-for-national-elections/
- ^ Carmichael, R. (2013, July 27). Cambodia Poll Monitors Report Problem With Indelible Ink. https://www.voanews.com/a/cambodia-poll-monitors-report-problem-with-indelible-ink/1711199.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20230326221328/https://www.voanews.com/a/cambodia-poll-monitors-report-problem-with-indelible-ink/1711199.html - ^ Municipales 2016: ¿Por qué ya no se entinta el dedo a la hora de votar?. T13. 23 October 2016 [26 June 2023] （西班牙語）.
- ^ Egypt elections in pictures. 24 May 2012 –透過www.telegraph.co.uk.
- ^ Anand, Anu. Indian elections: voters united by anti-fraud ink mark. the Guardian. 17 April 2014.
- ^ Key facts: the Indonesian Legislative Election. 8 April 2014.
- ^ As Iraq moves on with vote, Falluja trapped by sins of the past. The Indian Express. 2018-05-13 [2018-05-17] （美國英語）.
- ^ Perry, Tom. Sunni hawk wins Lebanon vote, risking new tensions. Reuters. 30 May 2016.
- ^ Remove Election Ink From Finger After Voting. www.miricitysharing.com. 7 May 2016.
- ^ Ahead of GE14, EC orders 100,000 bottles of indelible ink from India - Malay Mail. www.malaymail.com.
- ^ UNDP Provided Indelible Ink in Myanmar Elections: A Powerful Integrity Tool. UNDP in Myanmar. [2016-06-23]. （原始內容存檔於2019-03-30）.
- ^ Observing Nepal's 2013 Constituent Assembly Election - Election Standards at The Carter Center. electionstandards.cartercenter.org. 26 December 2014.
- ^ Nicaragua election observers report problems - CBC News.
- ^ Election fraud: The curious case of magnetic ink - The Express Tribune. 10 October 2013.
- ^ Living in Peru » News » Congress eliminates use of ink in Peruvian elections. [2016-06-23]. （原始內容存檔於2016-08-16）.
- ^ Agencia Andina de Noticias. Tinta indeleble se utilizará por última vez en elecciones municipales complementarias de mañana. andina.pe. 2 July 2011 [2021-03-20] （西班牙語）.
- ^ Hardliner claims Philippine election win. BBC News. 9 May 2016.
- ^ Final report of the OAS electoral observation mission (PDF). Secretariat for Political Affairs. [2023-02-16].
- ^ "Solomon Islands Electoral Act 2018 (PDF).
- ^ A South African woman gets ink on her fi. 22 April 2009.
- ^ Sri Lankan Voters Go To The Polls. 2 April 2004.
- ^ Sudan voting extended; ink washing off voters' fingers | Radio Tamazuj. [2016-05-11]. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-02）.
- ^ Syria holds parliamentary polls in regime-held areas. The Times of Israel.
- ^ Tunisia veteran claims election win. BBC News. 22 December 2014.
- ^ The brief history of elections in Turkey. Daily Sabah. 30 October 2015.
- ^ Venezuela's Socialists trounced in vote. BBC News. 7 December 2015.
- ^ CNE anunció que no usará tinta indeleble para la elección de la ANC. El Nacional. 10 July 2017 [27 May 2018]. （原始內容存檔於27 May 2018）.
- ^ Indelible ink: The mark of democracy. 25 January 2023.
