TLR9

Toll樣受體9（英語：Toll-like receptor 9）是由人類基因 TLR9 編碼的蛋白質，也被稱為CD289（分化簇289，cluster of differentiation 289），是Toll樣受體（TLR）家族的成員。

Toll-like receptor 9
標識
代號	TLR9; CD289
擴展標識	遺傳學：605474 鼠基因：1932389 同源基因：68126 ChEMBL: 5804 GeneCards: TLR9 Gene
基因本體論描述 分子功能 · transmembrane signaling receptor activity · interleukin-1 receptor binding · siRNA binding 細胞成分 · Golgi membrane · extracellular region · cytoplasm · lysosome · endosome · endoplasmic reticulum · endoplasmic reticulum membrane · plasma membrane · endosome membrane · integral component of membrane · basolateral plasma membrane · apical plasma membrane · early phagosome · endolysosome membrane 生物過程 · toll-like receptor signaling pathway · response to molecule of bacterial origin · MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway · inflammatory response · I-kappaB phosphorylation · insulin receptor signaling pathway · positive regulation of gene expression · maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium · negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity · tumor necrosis factor production · negative regulation of interleukin-6 production · negative regulation of interleukin-8 production · positive regulation of chemokine production · positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production · positive regulation of interferon-beta production · positive regulation of interleukin-10 production · positive regulation of interleukin-12 production · positive regulation of interleukin-18 production · positive regulation of interleukin-6 production · positive regulation of interleukin-8 production · positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production · negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway · positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway · toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway · positive regulation of NF-kappaB import into nucleus · defense response to bacterium · positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling · positive regulation of JUN kinase activity · positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process · innate immune response · positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process · positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process · positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter · positive regulation of JNK cascade · regulation of cytokine secretion · positive regulation of inflammatory response · defense response to Gram-negative bacterium · positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity · positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process · negative regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源體
物種	人類	小鼠
Entrez	54106	81897
Ensembl	ENSG00000239732	ENSMUSG00000045322
UniProt	Q9NR96	Q9EQU3
mRNA序列	NM_017442	NM_031178
蛋白序列	NP_059138	NP_112455
基因位置	Chr 3: 52.22 – 52.23 Mb	Chr 9: 106.22 – 106.23 Mb
PubMed查詢	[1]	[2]

功能

TLR家族的受體在病原識別與先天免疫的激活中起着基礎作用。TLRs are named for the high degree of conservation in structure and function seen between mammalian TLRs and the Drosophila transmembrane protein Toll. TLRs是呈現在細胞表面和胞內間室的跨膜蛋白，用以識別病原體呈現的病原相關分子模式（Pathogen-associated molecular patterns，PAMPs），然後啟動製造先天和獲得性免疫所需的細胞因子的信號。 The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. 這一基因通常表達於富含免疫細胞的組織，比如脾、淋巴結、骨髓等。研究指出，在小鼠和人中的TLR9受體可響應細菌DNA中的未甲基化的CpG寡去氧核苷酸序列來激活先天免疫應答。

TLR9可以識別DNA分子中的未甲基化的CpG序列，CpG位點在脊椎動物非常稀少（~1%），但在細菌或病毒基因組中很豐富。TLR9在免疫系統的多種細胞中有表達，如B淋巴細胞、單核細胞、自然殺傷細胞（NK）和漿細胞樣樹突狀細胞。TLR9表達於細胞內，是核內體的組分之一，其功能為當細菌或病毒感染時結合其DNA上的富CpG基序來改變免疫系統的狀態。TLR9的信號會導致細胞啟動炎症反應，並分泌相關細胞因子，如I型干擾素和IL-12等。

臨床意義

There are new immunomodulatory treatments undergoing testing which involve the administration of artificial DNA oligonucleotides containing the CpG motif. CpG DNA has applications in treating allergies such as asthma, immunostimulation against cancer, immunostimulation against pathogens, and as adjuvants in vaccines.

蛋白質相互作用

• TLR9 可以與RNF216交互作用發生。
• 它可以被CpG寡去氧核苷酸激活，如阿托莫德。

延伸閱讀

• Lien E, Ingalls RR. Toll-like receptors.. Crit. Care Med. 2002, 30 (1 Suppl): S1–11. PMID 11782555. doi:10.1097/00003246-200201001-00001. 
• Kaisho T, Akira S. Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors.. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2002, 1589 (1): 1–13. PMID 11909637. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(01)00182-3. 

外部連結

• 醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：TLR9+protein,+human

TLR9引用了美國國家醫學圖書館提供的資料，這些資料屬於公共領域。