CD59

CD59
已知的結構
PDB	直系同源搜尋: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表
	1CDQ、1CDR、1CDS、1ERG、1ERH、2J8B、2OFS、2UWR、2UX2、4BIK
識別號
別名	CD59；, 16.3A5, 1F5, EJ16, EJ30, EL32, G344, HRF-20, HRF20, MAC-IP, MACIF, MEM43, MIC11, MIN1, MIN2, MIN3, MIRL, MSK21, p18-20, CD59 molecule, CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)
外部ID	OMIM：107271 MGI：1888996 HomoloGene：56386 GeneCards：CD59
相關疾病
	primary CD59 deficiency
基因位置（人類）
染色體	11號染色體
終止	33,736,479 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色體	小鼠2號染色體
終止	103,921,532 bp
RNA表達模式
	; ; ; ;
	查閱更多表達數據
基因本體
分子功能	• 血漿蛋白結合; • complement binding;
細胞組分	• 囊泡; • endoplasmic reticulum membrane; • 膜; • 粘着斑; • Golgi membrane; • 細胞膜; • 細胞外區域; • cell surface; • compact myelin; • anchored component of external side of plasma membrane; • ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane; • anchored component of membrane; • 肌膜; • 外排體; • endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; • 細胞外空間; • specific granule membrane; • tertiary granule membrane; • transport vesicle;
生物學過程	• 凝血; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex; • endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport; • cell surface receptor signaling pathway; • COPII vesicle coating; • positive regulation of T cell proliferation; • regulation of complement activation; • cell activation; • neutrophil degranulation; • regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	966
	333883
	ENSG00000085063
	ENSMUSG00000068686
	P13987; Q6FHM9
	P58019
NM_203331; NM_000611; NM_001127223; NM_001127225; NM_001127226;
	NM_001127227; NM_203329; NM_203330
	NM_181858; NM_001368215
NP_000602; NP_001120695; NP_001120697; NP_001120698; NP_001120699;
	NP_976074; NP_976075; NP_976076; NP_000602.1; NP_001120695.1; NP_001120697.1; NP_001120698.1; NP_001120699.1; NP_976074.1; NP_976075.1; NP_976076.1
	NP_862906; NP_001355144
	維基數據
檢視/編輯人類	檢視/編輯小鼠

CD59，亦稱為「膜攻擊複合物（MAC）抑制蛋白」（MAC-inhibitory protein, MAC-IP）、「膜反應性溶血抑制物」（membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis, MIRL）、「膜攻擊複合物抑制因子」（membrane attack complex inhibitory factor, MACIF）或保護素（protectin）^[6]，在人體內是一種由CD59基因編碼的醣蛋白，屬於分化簇（Cluster of Differntiation, CD）的一種^[7]。CD59屬於LY6（英語：LY6）/uPAR（英語：Urokinase receptor）/α-神經毒素（英語：alpha-neurotoxin）蛋白家族^[8]。 CD59通過糖化肌醇磷脂（英語：glycophosphatidylinositol）（GPI）基團錨定在細胞膜上。當補體系統活化並已產生C5b（英語：C5b）6 7 8複合物時，CD59會阻止補體成分C9聚集到上述複合體上，從而阻止膜攻擊複合物（MAC）的形成^[9]。同時，細胞也會收到信號，通過胞吞作用攝入CD59-CD9複合物^[8]。

能影響GPI基團的突變會引起紅細胞膜上的CD59分子和衰變加速因子（CD55）數量減少，可引發陣發性夜間血紅素尿症^[10]。

部分病毒，例如HIV、巨細胞病毒、牛痘病毒能夠通過將宿主細胞的CD59整合到自己的包膜上來逃避補體系統的攻擊^[11]。

參見

參考

^ 與CD59相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000085063 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000068686 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Cd59糖蛋白的应用. [2018-05-19]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-15）.
^ Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E. Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review). international journal of oncology. Aug 1998, 13 (2): 305–18. PMID 9664126. doi:10.3892/ijo.13.2.305.
^ Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S. Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction. J. Biol. Chem. September 2006, 281 (37): 27398–27404. PMID 16844690. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200.
^ Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood. 2005, 106 (12): 3699–709 [2018-04-27]. PMC 1895106  . PMID 16051736. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. （原始內容存檔於2009-09-18）.
^ Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z. Cell signals transduced by complement. Mol. Immunol. July 2004, 41 (6–7): 583–597. PMID 15219997. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007.

拓展閱讀

Tandon N, Morgan BP, Weetman AP. Expression and function of membrane attack complex inhibitory proteins on thyroid follicular cells. Immunology. 1992, 75 (2): 372–7. PMC 1384722  . PMID 1372592.
Holmes CH, Simpson KL, Okada H, et al. Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55). Eur. J. Immunol. 1992, 22 (6): 1579–1585. PMID 1376264. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220635.
Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell AL, et al. Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59. Science. 1992, 256 (5065): 1805–1807. PMID 1377404. doi:10.1126/science.1377404.
Ninomiya H, Sims PJ. The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267 (19): 13675–80. PMID 1377690.
Petranka JG, Fleenor DE, Sykes K, et al. Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1992, 89 (17): 7876–7879. PMC 49817  . PMID 1381503. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876.
Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene. Eur. J. Immunol. 1992, 22 (10): 2669–2673. PMID 1382994. doi:10.1002/eji.1830221029.
Rooney IA, Morgan BP. Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid. Immunology. 1992, 76 (4): 541–7. PMC 1421564  . PMID 1383132.
Tone M, Walsh LA, Waldmann H. Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation. J. Mol. Biol. 1992, 227 (3): 971–976. PMID 1383553. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90239-G.
Philbrick WM, Palfree RG, Maher SE, et al. The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility. Eur. J. Immunol. 1990, 20 (1): 87–92. PMID 1689664. doi:10.1002/eji.1830200113.
Sawada R, Ohashi K, Anaguchi H, et al. Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes. DNA Cell Biol. 1990, 9 (3): 213–220. PMID 1692709. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.213.
Yamashina M, Ueda E, Kinoshita T, et al. Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990, 323 (17): 1184–1189. PMID 1699124. doi:10.1056/NEJM199010253231707.
Rooney IA, Morgan BP. Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins. Immunology. 1991, 71 (3): 308–11. PMC 1384423  . PMID 1702747.
Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP. Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids. Biochem. J. 1990, 265 (2): 471–7. PMC 1136908  . PMID 2302178.
Okada H, Nagami Y, Takahashi K, et al. 20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1989, 162 (3): 1553–1559. PMID 2475111. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)90852-8.
Davies A, Simmons DL, Hale G, et al. CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells. J. Exp. Med. 1989, 170 (3): 637–654. PMC 2189447  . PMID 2475570. doi:10.1084/jem.170.3.637.
Sawada R, Ohashi K, Okano K, et al. Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17 (16): 6728–6728. PMC 318369  . PMID 2476718. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6728.
Sugita Y, Tobe T, Oda E, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement. J. Biochem. 1990, 106 (4): 555–7. PMID 2606909.
Bora NS, Gobleman CL, Atkinson JP, et al. Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1994, 34 (13): 3579–84. PMID 7505007.
Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID, et al. Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins. Biochemistry. 1994, 33 (15): 4471–4482. PMID 7512825. doi:10.1021/bi00181a006.
Kennedy SP, Rollins SA, Burton WV, et al. Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59. Transplantation. 1994, 57 (10): 1494–501. PMID 7515200. doi:10.1097/00007890-199405000-00017.

外部連結

醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：CD59+Antigen
Human CD59 genome location and CD59 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser（英語：UCSC Genome Browser）.

[1] 與CD59相關的疾病；在維基數據上查看/編輯參考.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000085063 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000068686 - Ensembl, May 2017

[4] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[6] Cd59糖蛋白的应用. [2018-05-19]. （原始內容存檔於2019-02-15）.

[7] Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein.

[pmid9664126-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E. Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review). international journal of oncology. Aug 1998, 13 (2): 305–18. PMID 9664126. doi:10.3892/ijo.13.2.305.

[pmid16844690-9] Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S. Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction. J. Biol. Chem. September 2006, 281 (37): 27398–27404. PMID 16844690. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200.

[parker2005-10] Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood. 2005, 106 (12): 3699–709 [2018-04-27]. PMC 1895106  . PMID 16051736. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. （原始內容存檔於2009-09-18）.

[pmid15219997-11] Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z. Cell signals transduced by complement. Mol. Immunol. July 2004, 41 (6–7): 583–597. PMID 15219997. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007.

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