叫床

雌性动物交配时叫声

雌性交配发声(英语:female copulatory vocalizations),也称雌性交配叫声(英语:female copulation calls)、性交发声(英语:coital vocalizations)、雌性交欢发声等,俗称叫床娇喘叫春等,主要由雌性灵长类动物(包括人类女性)或非灵长类动物产生(雄性在性交时也会发出声音[1]:1405, 1406-07)。交配发声通常发生在交配期间,因此与性活动有关。[2] 为吸引交配对象而在性交前发出的叫声称为交配鸣叫(英语:Mating call,俗称亦为叫春等)。

在灵长类动物中,通常在交配结束时观察到交配叫声[3],并且物种之间在其发生、频率和形式方面存在巨大差异。研究者一致认为,性交发声实现了演化目的[4],且它们可以作为雌性面临问题的适应性解决方案,例如杀婴获得高品质的精子[3]

在非灵长类动物中,交配呼叫主要发生在交配之前,以吸引配偶。各物种之发声频率(14 Hz[5] 至 70,000 Hz[6])和功能各不相同。雌性发声的主要目的之一是诱导雄性的交配对象保护行为​​。[7] 相反,也可以使用叫声来吸引可以阻止与初始伴侣发生性关系的高级伴侣。[8] 这样做是为了引起雄性配偶竞争

在人类中,性交发声与性高潮有关[9],因此发生在交配期间并作为性快感的表达。女性可以有意使用发声来提高伴侣的自尊心并加速射精的发生。[10] 这类表达可能透过言语,也可能是非言语的,如用力呼吸、呻吟、尖叫、大叫、下流话、哭声及笑声等[1]:1405

研究者注意到,像豚尾狒狒等物种中,有些特定的发音只在性活动中出现[1]:1406

叫床的原因

编辑

有关叫床,有许多不同的理论,一方面有学者认为叫床中有一些明显的沟通模式,因此认为和其他灵长类交欢时发声的原因相近(如给潜在的性伴侣、使其兴奋、邀请参与精子竞争等,参见“其他灵长类物种”段落[11])。有一个研究发现女性叫床的声音在接近高潮时会更加激烈,在高潮时的发声会非常快速、有规律的节奏,包括发声持续的时间及间隔的时间等,这些是男性的叫床所没有的特点[1]:1405, 1405-06。叫床可以使其性伴侣在她高潮的时刻兴奋,有助于确认当其高潮后,阴道放松,会在子宫颈形成精子池,方便精子进入子宫[1]:1406-07

另一方面,也有学者指出大部分的女性叫床不一定伴随着自身的高潮,而是和性伴侣的射精有关。研究发现男性一般认为女性叫床既刺激又性感,女性本身也知道,因此叫床声音是让男性更快射精,或是提升其愉悦感及(或)自尊[12]

女性希望男性更快射精的原因可能包括女性性交时的疼痛、挫折甚至是无聊,也可能是设法为性活动设定一时限。希望提升男性自尊的原因则包括强化配对关系英语pair bond,减少情感及性上的不贞及遗弃[12]

其他灵长类物种

编辑

学者有针对其他灵长类物种的交欢时发声提出一些原因。灵长类研究者认为狒狒交欢时发声的天性,和当时是否快要排卵有关[13]。因此交欢时发声是告诉其他潜在的性伴侣其正在发情期、可能受孕,邀请参与精子竞争,因此表示狒狒是多配偶制而不是单一配偶制英语Monogamy in animals。发声中也有和此狒狒交欢的雄狒狒的状态,也可能让其他雄狒狒更容易和此雌狒狒交配[11]

相关条目

编辑

参考资料

编辑
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 J. Hamilton and P. C. Arrowood, “Copulatory Vocalizations of Chacma Baboons (Papio Ursinus), gibbons (Hylobates Hoolock) and Humans, Science, 200: (1978).
  2. ^ Thornhill, R.; Gangestad, S. W. The Evolutionary Biology of Human Female Sexuality. Oxford University Press. 2008 [2021-12-29]. ISBN 9780195340983. (原始内容存档于2021-12-29). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Pradhan, Gauri; Engelhardt, Antje; van Schaik, Carel; Maestripieri, Dario. The evolution of female copulation calls in primates: a review and a new model (PDF). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. January 2006, 59 (3): 333–343 [2021-12-29]. S2CID 5185407. doi:10.1007/s00265-005-0075-y. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-01-07).  引用错误:带有name属性“Pradhan et al. (2006)”的<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次
  4. ^ Dixson, A. Primate Sexuality: Comparative Studies of the Prosimians, Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. Oxford: UOP. 2013 [2021-12-29]. ISBN 9780199544646. (原始内容存档于2021-12-29). 
  5. ^ Poole, J. H.; Payne, K.; Langbauer Jr, W. R.; Moss, C. J. The social contexts of some very low frequency calls of African elephants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 1988, 22 (6): 385–392. S2CID 24044662. doi:10.1007/bf00294975. 
  6. ^ White, N. R.; Prasad, M.; Barfield, R. J.; Nyby, J. G. 40-and 70-kHz vocalizations of mice (Mus musculus) during copulation. Physiology & Behavior. 1998, 63 (4): 467–473. PMID 9523885. S2CID 25539339. doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(97)00484-8. 
  7. ^ Poole, J. Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants. Animal Behaviour. 1989, 37: 842–849. S2CID 53150105. doi:10.1016/0003-3472(89)90068-7. 
  8. ^ Løvlie, H.; Zidar, J.; Berneheim, C. A cry for help: Female distress calling during copulation is context dependent. Animal Behaviour. 2014, 92: 151–157. S2CID 49550754. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.04.002. 
  9. ^ Christopher Ryan and Cacilda Jetha, ‘’Sex at Dawn: How We Mate, Why We Stray, and What It Means for Modern Relationships’’ (Harper Perennial, 2011), pp. 255-57.
  10. ^ Brewer, Gayle; Hendrie, Colin A. Evidence to Suggest that Copulatory Vocalizations in Women Are Not a Reflexive Consequence of Orgasm (PDF). Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2011, 40 (3): 559–64 [2021-12-29]. PMID 20480220. S2CID 9729446. doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9632-1. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-12-29). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Christopher Ryan and Cacilda Jetha,"Sex at Dawn: How We Mate, Why We Stray, and What It Means for Modern Relationships" (Harper Perennial, 2011), p. 255-257.
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Gayle Brewer and Colin A. Hendrie, Evidence to Suggest that Copulatory Vocalizations in Women Are Not a Reflexive Consequence of Orgasm页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Archives of Sexual Behavior 40:559-64 (June 2011)
  13. ^ S. Semple, "Individuality and Male Discrimination of Female Copulation Calls in the Yellow Baboon," "Animal Behavior" 61: 1023, 1027 (2001).

书目

  • Gayle Brewer and Colin A. Hendrie, “Evidence to Suggest that Copulatory Vocalizations in Women Are Not a Reflexive Consequence of Orgasm页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).” Archives of Sexual Behavior 40:559-64 (June 2011).
  • W. J. Hamilton and P. C. Arrowood, “Copulatory Vocalizations of Chacma Baboons (Papio Ursinus), gibbons (Hylobates Hoolock) and Humans.” "Science", 200:1405-09 (1978).
  • Christopher Ryan and Cacilda Jetha. "Sex at Dawn: How We Mate, Why We Stray, and What It Means for Modern Relationships". (Harper Perennial, 2011).
  • S. Semple, “Individuality and Male Discrimination of Female Copulation Calls in the Yellow Baboon.” Animal Behavior 61:1023-1028 (2001).
  • M. F. Small, “Female Primate Sexual Behavior and Conception: Are There Really Sperm to Spare?,” Current Anthropology 29(1): 81-100 (1988).