严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征相关病毒
严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征相关病毒（英语：Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus），简称SARS相关冠状病毒（SARSr-CoV），是冠状病毒科乙型冠状病毒属的一个种。[2]该种病毒现有2个可传染人的分型[3]。
严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒
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病毒分类 
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| （未分级）： | 病毒 Virus |
| 域： | 核糖病毒域 Riboviria |
| 界： | 正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae |
| 门： | 小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota |
| 纲： | 小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes |
| 目： | 套式病毒目 Nidovirales |
| 科： | 冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae |
| 属： | 乙型冠状病毒属 Betacoronavirus |
| 亚属： | SARS乙型冠状病毒亚属 Sarbecovirus |
| 种： | 严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒 Severe acute respiratory
syndrome-related coronavirus |
| 病毒株 | |
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| “SARS-CoV”的各地常用译名 | |
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| 中国大陆 | 严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征相关病毒[1] |
| 台湾 | 严重急性呼吸道症候群相关冠状病毒 |
| 港澳 | 严重急性呼吸系统综合症相关冠状病毒 |
分型
编辑- 第一个分型称为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒1型（英语：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1，简称SARS-CoV-1）[3]，发现于2003年，引发了严重急性呼吸综合征的疫情，有可能是通过菊头蝠传播到人类的[4]。
- 第二个分型称为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（英语：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，简称SARS-CoV-2），发现于2019年，引发了2019冠状病毒疾病的疫情[3]，有研究认为，该病毒类型可能是通过马来穿山甲传播给人类的[5][6]。截至2021年6月，病毒溯源工作仍在进行[7]。统计至2021年2月4日为止，病例数约为SARS-CoV的12800倍，病逝人数约为2900倍。
- 关系图
| 严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒 SARSr-CoV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒1型 SARS-CoV-1 | 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 SARS-CoV-2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
演化树
编辑截至2021年1月[update]，SARS-CoV与相关病毒株的系统发生树：
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SARS-CoV-2 79 % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
蝙蝠病毒
果子狸病毒
人类病毒
SARS-CoV-2与相关病毒株的系统发生树[15][16] :
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SARS-CoV 79% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
蝙蝠病毒
穿山甲病毒
人类病毒
参考文献
编辑引用
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- ^ Murakami, Shin; Kitamura, Tomoya; Suzuki, Jin; Sato, Ryouta; Aoi, Toshiki; Fujii, Marina; Matsugo, Hiromichi; Kamiki, Haruhiko; Ishida, Hiroho; Takenaka-Uema, Akiko; Shimojima, Masayuki; Horimoto, Taisuke. Detection and Characterization of Bat Sarbecovirus Phylogenetically Related to SARS-CoV-2, Japan. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2020, 26 (12): 3025–3029. ISSN 1080-6040. doi:10.3201/eid2612.203386.
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来源
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外部链接
编辑- WHO press release identifying and naming the SARS virus（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- The SARS virus genetic map
- Science special on the SARS virus（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (free content: no registration required)
- McGill University SARS Resources. [2015-06-15]. （原始内容存档于2005-03-01）.
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) SARS home
- World Health Organization on alert（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- SARS coronavirus. NCBI Taxonomy Browser. [2020-02-14]. 227859. （原始内容存档于2020-11-14）.
- Survival of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
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