夫拉卡

化合物

夫拉卡,學名α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenonealpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, α-PVP, alpha-PVP, O-2387, β-ketone-prolintane, Prolintanone, desmethyl pyrrolidinovalerophenone),俗稱礫石(gravel),是一種合成的仿興奮劑卡西酮(cathinones)的化學物質[1],發展於1960年代。在化學上,夫拉卡與精神中樞興奮劑吡咯戊酮(Pyrovalerone)[2]相關,在化學結構上是prolintane的酮類類似物[3]。被用作娛樂性藥物[4]

alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone
Ball-and-stick model of the alpha-PVP molecule
臨床資料
給藥途徑oral, intranasal, vaporization, intravenous, rectal, sublingual
法律規範狀態
法律規範
識別資訊
  • (RS)-1-Phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone
CAS號14530-33-7  checkY
5485-65-4HCl
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英語CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
化學資訊
化學式C15H21NO
摩爾質量231.34 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英語JSmol
  • CCCC(C(C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)N2CCCC2
  • InChI=1S/C15H21NO/c1-2-8-14(16-11-6-7-12-16)15(17)13-9-4-3-5-10-13/h3-5,9-10,14H,2,6-8,11-12H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:YDIIDRWHPFMLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

2014年,美國據《藥物食品和藥物管理局的安全和創新法英語Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act 》禁止所有透過人工設計而具有與受禁藥物相同功效的化合物,把夫拉卡列入為表一的非法管制物質名單[1][5]

副作用

編輯

α-PVP已經有報導指為多起濫藥致死或混合多種藥物濫用致死的元兇[6][7][8]

此外,α-PVP可能會導致所謂的「興奮譫語」的狀態,其病徵包括有過度刺激及妄想幻覺[9]。α-PVP也被發現在於浴鹽毒品混合使用而導致少一人死亡[10]

參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中國廉價毒品入侵美國佛州 致數百人傷亡. 大紀元時報. 2015-06-11 [2015-06-11]. (原始內容存檔於2015-06-13) (中文(繁體)). 
  2. ^ 鹽酸吡咯戊酮(Pyrovalerone). 愛詞霸 iciba. [2015-06-11]. (原始內容存檔於2015-06-13) (中文(簡體)). 
  3. ^ Sauer, Christoph; Peters, Frank T.; Haas, Claudia; Meyer, Markus R.; Fritschi, Giselher; Maurer, Hans H. New designer drug α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2009, 44 (6): 952. PMID 19241365. doi:10.1002/jms.1571. 
  4. ^ SOFT Designer Drug Committee Monographs: Alpha-PVP (PDF). Society of Forensic Toxicologists. 2013-09-13 [2015-06-11]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2015-04-06). 
  5. ^ U.S. Criminalizes Designer Drugs. American Chemical Society. 2012-08-27 [2015-06-11]. (原始內容存檔於2015-05-27) (英語). 
  6. ^ Marinetti, L. J.; Antonides, H. M. Analysis of synthetic cathinones commonly found in bath salts in human performance and postmortem toxicology: Method development, drug distribution and interpretation of results. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 2013, 37 (3): 135–46. PMID 23361867. doi:10.1093/jat/bks136. 
  7. ^ Waugh; et al. Deaths Involving the Recreational Use of α-PVP (α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone) (PDF). AAFS Proceedings. 2013 [2015-06-11]. Abstract K16. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-11-08). 
  8. ^ Cheap, synthetic 'flakka' dethroning cocaine on Florida drug scene. [2015-06-11]. (原始內容存檔於2015-06-11). 27 people have died from flakka-related overdoses in the last eight months in Broward County 
  9. ^ Drugs of Abuse Emerging Trends. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2015-04-06 [2015-06-11]. (原始內容存檔於2015-06-08) (英語). 
  10. ^ Sykutera, M.; Cychowska, M.; Bloch-Boguslawska, E. A Fatal Case of Pentedrone and -Pyrrolidinovalerophenone Poisoning. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 2015. doi:10.1093/jat/bkv011.