巧言蟲

叶须虫科巧言虫属环节动物

綠巧言蟲(學名:Eulalia viridis)是葉鬚蟲目葉鬚蟲科巧言蟲屬之下的一個多毛綱物種[4],有著亮綠色的外表。本物種長約5至15 cm(2至6英寸)。在北大西洋海域,見於歐洲挪威英國愛爾蘭[1]的淺海或貽貝床[5][6]

綠巧言蟲
顏色亮綠的綠巧言蟲
科學分類 編輯
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 環節動物門 Annelida
綱: 多毛綱 Polychaeta
目: 葉鬚蟲目 Phyllodocida
科: 葉鬚蟲科 Phyllodocidae
屬: 巧言蟲屬 Eulalia
種:
綠巧言蟲 E. viridis
二名法
Eulalia viridis
異名[2]
  • Eulalia (Eumida) microceros Claparède, 1868
  • Eulalia annulata Verrill, 1873
  • Eulalia brevisetis Saint-Joseph, 1899
  • Eulalia virens Ehlers, 1864
  • Eumidia vivida Verrill, 1873
  • Nereis viridis Linnaeus, 1767 (original)
  • Phyllodoce gervillei Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833

種加詞viridis」意為「綠色的」。

形態描述

編輯

巧言蟲是一種背部扁平又纖細的蠕蟲,有體節高達200節。蠕蟲最長可以生長至15 cm(6英寸),顏色從中綠色到亮綠色。頭部有五條觸角、兩隻眼及四對tentacular cirri;the eversible proboscis is cylindrical and dotted with rounded papillae. Each body segment has a pair of parapodia英語Parapodium, and the cirri英語Cirrus (biology) on these are long, thin and pointed. They project outwards, forming a fringe down each side of the body.[7]

分佈及棲息地

編輯

1990年代以前,巧言蟲被認為遍佈東北大西洋,包括環繞英國的水域[1],但形態學及生物化學研究表明在分佈於南部的物種應屬另一物種,即Eulalia clavigera英語Eulalia clavigera;而這兩個物種形成了一個生物複合種[8]

北大西洋海域,見於歐洲挪威英國愛爾蘭

As now recognised, E. viridis is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean where it is found in the waters off Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Germany, as well as the 法羅群島, Iceland and 迪斯科島 at depths from the mid-shore down to about 150米(500英尺). It is typically found on rocky coasts and on shelly gravel,[9] in rock crevices and 無孔貽貝 beds.[7]

主要分佈於在中國分佈於山東半島遼東半島[10][11]黃海東海南中國海[1],還有白海新西伯利亞群島白令海千島群島勘察加半島鄂霍次克海日本海等海域[1]。 一般棲息於北方和亞熱帶水域以及主要棲息於潮間帶潮下帶海藻藤壺牡蠣海鞘等附著動物和岩石下[1][5][6]。其生存的海拔下限為-2400米[1]

生物學

編輯

Although many worms in this family are 捕食 and actively hunt prey, E. viridis seems to be more selective in its diet, and researchers found that it only consumed moribund or dead animal tissue. Breeding does not take place until the worms are at least two years old, and they are not thought to form swarms as do some other related species.[12] The greenish gelatinous egg mass is attached to 褐藻綱, but some populations seem not to have egg masses. The larvae pass through one or two 擔輪幼蟲 stages and two other stages before settling on the sea bed as a five- to nine-segmented larva, after up to nine weeks.[12]

參考文獻

編輯
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 中國科學院動物研究所. 巧言虫. 《中國動物物種編目資料庫》. 中國科學院微生物研究所. [2009-04-16]. (原始內容存檔於2016-03-05) (中文(簡體)). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Read G, Fauchald K, Bellan G. Read G, Fauchald K , 編. Eulalia viridis (Linnaeus, 1767). World Polychaeta database. [2021-11-30] –透過WoRMS. 
  3. ^ Linnaeus. Systema naturae 1 12th. Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. 1767: 1086 [2021-12-09]. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-09).  |issue=被忽略 (幫助)
  4. ^ Eulalia+viridis. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist.. Reading, UK: Species 2000. 2019 [2020-05-21] (英語). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Brusca, R.C.; Brusca, G.J. Invertebrates. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. 2003 (英語). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Hayward, P.J.; Ryland, J.S. Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. New York: Oxford University Press. 1995 (英語). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Pizzolla, P.F. Green-leaf worm: Eulalia viridis. MarLIN. Plymouth: Marine Biological Associat的ion. 2008 [23 July 2017]. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-19). 
  8. ^ Fish, J.D.; Fish, S. A Student's Guide to the Seashore. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 167. ISBN 978-1-139-49451-9 (英語). 
  9. ^ de Kluijver, M.J. Eulalia viridis. Macrobenthos of the North Sea – Polychaeta. Marine Species Identification Portal. [23 July 2017]. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-09). 
  10. ^ 中国动物主题数据库: Eulalia viridis. [2021-12-19]. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-09) (中文(簡體)). 
  11. ^ 陳義等. 中国动物图谱 环节动物(附多足类). 北京: 科學出版社. 1959: 1–78 (中文(簡體)). 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Australian Biological Resources Study. Polychaetes & Allies: The Southern Synthesis. Csiro Publishing. 2000: 145–147 [2021-12-09]. ISBN 978-0-643-06571-0. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-06).