葛萊美獎最佳新人
葛萊美獎最佳新人(The Grammy Award for Best New Artist)是葛萊美獎中頒發給前一年內獲得突出成就的樂壇新人的獎項,於1959年第2屆葛萊美獎開始設立,除1967年外每年頒發。[1]葛萊美獎是美國音樂界的最大獎項,[2]由美國國家錄音藝術科學學院負責頒發,獎項由學院的專業人士投票評選。「最佳新人」與「年度製作」、「年度專輯」、「年度歌曲」一同被視為葛萊美獎四個最重要的「一般類」獎項,[3]葛萊美獎對「新人」的認定規則多次變化,目前由專門的評審委員會來判定候選歌手是否是「新人」。[4]獎項設立時,每屆提名5位歌手或團體,自2019年第61屆葛萊美獎起增加至8位。[5]
葛萊美獎最佳新人 | |
---|---|
授予對象 | 首次取得突出成就的樂壇新人 |
國家/地區 | 美國 |
主辦單位 | 美國國家錄音藝術科學學院 |
首次頒發 | 1959年 |
應屆得主 | 維多利亞·莫奈 (2023年) |
官方網站 | http://www.grammy.com/ |
自獎項創立開始至2015年已有54位歌手或團體獲此殊榮,其中包括24位獨唱女歌手,11位獨唱男歌手和19個團體或組合。1997年至2003年的7年間,獲獎歌手全部是獨唱女歌手,而自1992年馬克·科恩獲獎之後連續14年未有獨唱男歌手獲獎,直至2006年約翰傳奇獲獎才結束這一趨勢。歷史上全部的獲獎者中有11位歌手來自美國之外的國家,1984年更是首次出現所有提名歌手均來自美國以外的國家(文化俱樂部、舞韻合唱團和Musical Youth來自英格蘭,大鄉野合唱團來自蘇格蘭,而無帽子樂團來自加拿大)。[6]
獲獎者列表
編輯- 註:
最佳新人的詛咒
編輯許多藝人在獲得葛萊美獎最佳新人之後,事業就無法再達到剛出道時的成功,這一現象在1970年代末至1980年代初尤為突出,被稱作「最佳新人的詛咒」。[169][170]1977年的最佳新人獲獎者星境合唱團前成員塔菲·丹諾夫在2002年接受VH1採訪時就說到自己樂團當時獲得了五項提名,其中包括最佳新人在內的兩項獲獎,「基本上相當於與死神接吻了」。她還說,「我為每一位最佳新人得主感到遺憾。」[171]
「最佳新人」對藝人來說既是嘉獎,但也限制了其發展的空間。[172]迅速成名並獲獎之後的藝人往往難以滿足公眾過高的期望,也難以再次達到之前的高度。[173]《富比士》雜誌曾引用波士頓學院教授斯賓塞·哈里遜(Spencer Harrison)的觀點,認為這一獎項可能將獲獎者局限在某個特定的市場,而公眾也對獲獎者的音樂風格產生了固定的印象和過高的期望,從而限制了藝人風格的創新。另一方面,這些迅速獲得成功的新人缺乏長期成功藝人的經驗,對音樂產業中的隱性知識不夠了解,難以在公眾需求和藝術追求中找到平衡。此外,這些過早獲得成功的藝人還容易過度關注作品的結果,而忽視了其藝術創作的過程。[172]
爭議
編輯米利瓦尼利醜聞
編輯1990年葛萊美獎最佳新人最初頒發給了德國二人團體米利·瓦尼利(Milli Vanilli),該團體由法博·莫爾文(Fab Morvan)與羅伯·皮拉特斯(Rob Pilatus)二人組成,其發行的首張專輯《Girl You Know It's True》在全球獲得廣泛成功。[168]然而不久之後,媒體曝光出該組合的醜聞,證實莫爾文與皮拉特斯二人沒有參與專輯中任何一首歌曲的演唱,其所有的表演均為假唱,專輯中演唱歌曲的歌手另有其人。[174]其製作人隨後於1990年11月14日承認,莫爾文與皮拉特斯二人確實沒有演唱過專輯中的歌曲。[75]醜聞一經曝光便引發巨大轟動,國家錄音藝術科學學院四天後宣布撤銷其當年所獲得的最佳新人獎,當年的這一獎項因此留空,這也成為葛萊美獎歷史上唯一一次取消已獲獎者的獎項。[175][168]
評選資格爭議
編輯葛萊美獎最佳新人被稱作葛萊美獎中規則最複雜的一項,其中對「新人」的界定引發了諸多爭議。[4]音樂史上有多位知名歌手因規則限制而無法獲得提名:例如惠妮·休斯頓的首張專輯於1985年發行,但由於她在1984年時發行過一支合唱單曲,1986年葛萊美獎認定她不屬於「新人」,她因此失去了最佳新人的提名資格[176];2010年葛萊美獎中,在前一年大獲成功的新人女神卡卡也因為規則限制而無法獲得最佳新人的提名,她此前憑藉單曲《Just Dance》獲得了2009年葛萊美獎的提名,但未能獲獎,按照當時的規則,已經獲得過葛萊美獎提名的藝人將失去最佳新人的評選資格。國家錄音藝術科學學院之後更改了最佳新人的評選規則,自次年起,只要在提名有效期內有專輯發行,且此前未發行過完整專輯以及未獲得過葛萊美獎的藝人亦可獲得最佳新人的評選資格。[177][178][179]
然而在2014年葛萊美獎中,紅髮艾德獲得最佳新人提名,再次引發爭議。[180]紅髮艾德的首張專輯《+》已於2012年發行,其中的單曲《The A Team》已經獲得2013年葛萊美獎的年度歌曲。媒體質疑其並不符合最佳新人的評選資格,美國娛樂媒體Zap2it甚至指責最佳新人的評選「基本沒有規則」。[180]葛萊美獎對此作出官方解釋,明確了最佳新人的評選規則。獎項要求歌手或團體在評選有效資格期內有作品發行,並且憑此作品使公眾首次認同其「表演藝人」的身份,這一作品不一定是藝人的首個作品或首張專輯。因此,若此前獲得過葛萊美獎表演類獎項的提名,藝人將不能獲得最佳新人的提名,除非該藝人此前獲得的提名是客串其他歌手的唱片或單曲,或該藝人未發行過完整專輯。[4]官方解釋稱,紅髮艾德此前獲得的年度歌曲是以詞曲創作人身份獲得的創作類獎項,並非表演類獎項;而他在當年亦有作品發行,因而嚴格來說仍符合提名資格,可以以表演藝人的身份獲得當年最佳新人提名。[4]
2016年6月,國家錄音藝術科學學院更新了最佳新人的評審規則,不再要求藝人在提名有效期內發行專輯,只要求入圍者發行過至少5支單曲/歌曲或一張專輯,但最多不得超過30支單曲/歌曲或3張專輯。已經三次入圍此獎項的藝人或團體將不得再次入圍,其中包括曾以團體成員身份入圍,但在前一年獲得獨唱事業突破的個人。[181]2020年這一規則再次改變,自第63屆葛萊美獎開始不再對入圍者發行作品的數量設限,而是交由專門的審查委員會負責確定每個報名藝人是否在提名有效期內首次獲得事業突破或成就。若委員會裁定藝人在提名有效期之前已經獲得事業突破或成就,則取消其入圍資格。[182][183]
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