那曲酮
化合物
纳曲酮(Naltrexone,同时有 ReVia 和 Vivitrol 两个商品名)主要用于治疗酒精或阿片类药物依赖的药物[7]。阿片类药物依赖者在戒毒前不应服用纳曲酮[7]。有口服或肌肉注射两者剂型可使用[7]。效果在 30 分钟内开始出现[7]。不过,对阿片类药物的渴望可能需要几周的时间才能消失[7]。
临床资料 | |
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读音 | /ˌnælˈtrɛksoʊn/ |
商品名 | Revia、Vivitrol、Depade、其它 |
其他名称 | EN-1639A; UM-792; ALKS-6428; N-cyclopropylmethylnoroxymorphone; N-cyclopropylmethyl-14-hydroxydihydromorphinone; 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a685041 |
核准状况 | |
怀孕分级 |
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给药途径 | 口服给药, 肌肉注射, 皮下植入器 |
ATC码 | |
法律规范状态 | |
法律规范 |
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药物动力学数据 | |
生物利用度 | 5–60%[5][6] |
血浆蛋白结合率 | 20%[5][2] |
药物代谢 | 肝脏(非-CYP450)[10] |
代谢产物 | 6β-Naltrexol、其它[5] |
药效起始时间 | 30 分钟[7] |
生物半衰期 | 口服 (Revia):[2] • Naltrexone: 4 小时 • 6β-Naltrexol: 13 小时 口服 (Contrave):[3] • Naltrexone: 5 小时 肌肉 (Vivitrol):[4] • Naltrexone: 5–10 天 • 6β-Naltrexol: 5–10 天 |
作用时间 | >72 小时[5][8][9] |
排泄途径 | 尿[2] |
识别信息 | |
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CAS号 | 16590-41-3 |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank | |
ChemSpider | |
UNII | |
KEGG | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.036.939 |
化学信息 | |
化学式 | C20H23NO4 |
摩尔质量 | 341.41 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
熔点 | 169 °C(336 °F) |
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副作用可能包括睡眠困难、焦虑、恶心和头痛[7]。对于仍在使用阿片类药物的患者,可能会出现阿片类药物戒断症状[7]。不建议肝功能衰竭的患者使用[7]。目前还不清楚怀孕期间使用是否安全[7] [12]。纳曲酮是一种类阿片拮抗剂,可以阻断类阿片(包括体内和体外)的作用[7]。
纳曲酮于 1965 年首次制造,并于 1984 年在美国取得医疗使用许可[7] [13]。它被列入世界卫生组织基本药物清单[14]。在 2019 年,美国的批发成本约为每天0.80 美元[15]。缓释型注射药剂每月花费约 1,267 美元(每天 41 美元)[15]。纳曲酮,即纳曲酮/安非他酮,也用于治疗肥胖症[16]。
参考文献
编辑- ^ Prescription medicines: registration of new generic medicines and biosimilar medicines, 2017. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022 [30 March 2024].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Revia (naltrexone hydrochloride tablets USP50 mgOpioid Antagonist. DailyMed. 24 April 2015 [13 June 2022]. (原始内容存档于14 June 2022).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Contrave Extended-Release – naltrexone hydrochloride and bupropion hydrochloride tablet, extended release. DailyMed. 4 November 2021 [13 June 2022]. (原始内容存档于4 June 2020).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Vivitrol- naltrexone kit. DailyMed. 10 March 2021 [13 June 2022]. (原始内容存档于30 May 2022).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Gonzalez JP, Brogden RN. Naltrexone. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in the management of opioid dependence. Drugs. March 1988, 35 (3): 192–213. PMID 2836152. S2CID 195697174. doi:10.2165/00003495-198835030-00002.
- ^ Lee MW, Fujioka K. Naltrexone for the treatment of obesity: review and update. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. August 2009, 10 (11): 1841–1845. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.496.9477 . PMID 19537999. S2CID 207477935. doi:10.1517/14656560903048959.
- ^ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 Naltrexone Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com. Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [9 November 2017]. (原始内容存档于9 November 2017).
- ^ Colasanti A, Lingford-Hughes A, Nutt D. Opioids Neuroimaging. Miller PM (编). Biological Research on Addiction. Comprehensive Addictive Behaviors and Disorders 2. Elsevier. 2013: 675–687. ISBN 9780123983350. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-398335-0.00066-2.
- ^ Lee MC, Wagner HN, Tanada S, Frost JJ, Bice AN, Dannals RF. Duration of occupancy of opiate receptors by naltrexone. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. July 1988, 29 (7): 1207–1211 [29 October 2021]. PMID 2839637. (原始内容存档于29 October 2021).
- ^ Sevarino KA, Kosten TR. Naltrexone for Initiation and Maintenance of Opiate Abstinence. Dean RL, Bilsky EJ, Negus SS (编). Opiate Receptors and Antagonists. Humana Press. 2009: 227–245. ISBN 978-1-58829-881-2. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-197-0_12.
- ^ Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 – Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control]. Diário Oficial da União. 31 March 2023 (4 April 2023) [16 August 2023]. (原始内容存档于3 August 2023) (巴西葡萄牙语).
- ^ Tran TH, Griffin BL, Stone RH, Vest KM, Todd TJ. Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnant Women. Pharmacotherapy. July 2017, 37 (7): 824–839. PMID 28543191. doi:10.1002/phar.1958.
- ^ Sadock, Benjamin J.; Sadock, Virginia A.; Sussman, Norman. Kaplan & Sadock's Pocket Handbook of Psychiatric Drug Treatment. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2012: 265. ISBN 9781451154467. (原始内容存档于2017-12-05) (英语).
- ^ World Health Organization. The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2023. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
- ^ 15.0 15.1 NADAC as of 2019-07-17 | Data.Medicaid.gov. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. [16 July 2019]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-16) (英语).
- ^ Naltrexone/bupropion for obesity. Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin. November 2017, 55 (11): 126–129. PMID 29117992. doi:10.1136/dtb.2017.11.0550.