维基百科

国技

国技（National sport, national pastime, national game），又称国民运动，或国球，是指一个国家特有或具有代表性的竞技运动。然而国技的定义并不严密，既有公认概念上的国技（如美国的棒球），也有通过法律具体规定的（如加拿大就法定袋棍球和冰球为国技），也因此使得国技并不一定是该国最具人气或强项的运动。除了加拿大之外，世界上通过法律确定国技的还有巴哈马的帆船、孟加拉的卡巴迪、巴西的卡波耶拉、斯里兰卡的排球等。

定义

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国技的定义并不十分严格，有在法律上具体规定的竞技运动，享有官方认可的地位；[注 1] 也有在国家文化中有特殊意义，深受国民爱戴的竞技运动。[注 2] 由国家文化发展而成的竞技运动是成为国技的其中一项条件，但并不全然如此，某些源自外国的竞技运动也有可能因为深受国民的爱戴，或者具有特殊的意义，成为公认的国技。一般只要符合以下两项要点，都会被认定为是国技：

国家法令指定的竞技运动，给予特殊的地位和待遇[注 1]
例如：加拿大的长曲棍球（夏季）和冰上曲棍球（冬季）
国家或民族文化中特有的竞技运动，或者是有某种特殊意义的竞技运动[注 2]
例如：日本的相扑、韩国的跆拳道、西班牙的斗牛

除了上述两项，某些广泛普及的竞技运动，虽然不是公认的国技，但已经深植入于国家的体育文化当中，成为深受全民欢迎的休闲活动，所以经常是被极力推广的国家体育项目，例如：世界各地的足球、英联邦国家的板球、美国的篮球和橄榄球、日本的棒球、马来西亚和印尼的羽毛球等。

国技列表

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法定的国技

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国家 体育运动 始于
  阿根廷 帕托（英语：Pato） 1953年[1]
  巴哈马 史路普帆船 1993年[2]
  孟加拉国 卡巴迪 1972年[3]
  巴西 卡波耶拉 1972年[4]
  加拿大 长曲棍球（夏季运动）、冰上曲棍球（冬季运动） 1994年[5]
  智利 智利牛仔骑术（英语：Chilean rodeo） 1962年[6]
  哥伦比亚 特茹（英语：Tejo (sport)） 2000年[7]
  伊朗 伊朗传统摔角 1976年[8]
  韩国 跆拳道 2018年[9]
  墨西哥 墨西哥牛仔竞技（英语：Charrería） 1933年[10]
  菲律宾 卡里艾斯奎玛武术（英语：Eskrima） 2009年[11]
  波多黎各 巴苏马术（英语：Paso Fino） 1966年[12]
  斯里兰卡 排球 1991年[13]
  乌拉圭 高乔传统竞技 2006年[14]

公认的国技

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国家 体育运动
  阿富汗 布玆卡兹[15]
  安圭拉 竞速帆艇（英语：Yacht racing）[16]
  安地卡及巴布达 板球[17]
  巴巴多斯 板球[18]
  百慕大 板球[19]
  不丹 不丹传统箭术（英语：Archery in Bhutan）[20]
  中华人民共和国 乒乓球
  古巴 棒球[21][22][23]
  多米尼加 棒球[24]
  芬兰 芬兰棒球[25]
  格瑞那达 板球[26]
  圭亚那 板球[27]
  印度 曲棍球[28][29][30]
  以色列 足球[31]
  爱尔兰 盖尔式足球[32][33][34]
  牙买加 板球[35]
  日本 相扑/棒球[36]
  拉脱维亚 篮球（夏季运动）、冰上曲棍球（冬季运动）[37]
  立陶宛 篮球[38][39]
  马达加斯加 橄榄球[40][41]
  新西兰 橄榄球[42]
  挪威 越野滑雪[43][44]
  巴基斯坦 曲棍球[45]
  巴布亚新几内亚 联盟式橄榄球[46][47]
  秘鲁 Paleta Frontón[48]
  罗马尼亚 Oină[49]
  俄罗斯 班迪球[50]
  苏格兰 高尔夫球[51]
  斯洛维尼亚 高山滑雪[52][52]
  中华民国 棒球[53]
  土耳其 摔角[54] & Cirit[55]
  特克斯和凯科斯群岛 板球[56]
  美国 棒球[57][58]
  威尔士 橄榄球[59]

另见

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注解

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 参见“法定的国技”。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 参见“公认的国技”。

参考文献

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  1. ^ Argentina Decree Nº 17468 of 16 September 1953. Federación Argentina de Pato. [16 October 2012]. （原始内容存档于2018年12月26日）. 
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  23. ^ Castro, Fidel. Speech at a meeting with Pan American Games delegation members. cuba.cu. 13 August 1999 [24 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. the game that [...] is [...] our national sport [...] I am talking of baseball 
  24. ^ Some facts about the Dominican Republic. Embassy of the Dominican Republic, Washington. [22 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. Baseball is the Dominican Republic’s national sport. 
  25. ^ About Finland: General information: Sports. Embassy of Finland, Washington. 11 June 2007 [21 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2018-12-26）. the national sport, “pesäpallo” 
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  31. ^ Football in Israel. AsiaRooms. 21 February 2011 [24 February 2012]. （原始内容存档于2011-11-06）. The popularity of Football in Israel is sky-high and is the most popular sport of the nation by a distance. Football in Israel is the unofficial national sport of the nation and developed as an organized sport in the country during the period when the British controlled the administration or was the days of the British Mandate. 
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  35. ^ History of Jamaica. Jamaican Embassy, Washington. [21 July 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008-06-20）. The legacy of Britain also lives on in Jamaica in many ways [...] the game of cricket is the national sport. 
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检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=國技&oldid=84259336”