美国圣公会
教會
美国圣公会（英语：The Episcopal Church）是普世圣公宗在美国、洪都拉斯、台湾、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、海地、多米尼加共和国、委内瑞拉、英属维尔京群岛和部分欧洲地区的一个教区[1][2][3]，教会体制采主教制。总部位于纽约市。
| 美国圣公会 | |
| Episcopal Church | |
 | |
| 各级教务首长 | |
| 首长职衔 | 美国圣公会主席主教 |
| 主教长 | 孔茂功 |
| 地理位置 | |
| 总部 |  美国纽约州纽约市
|
| 管辖范围 | 美国、台湾、密克罗尼西亚、中美洲、南美洲、加勒比地区、欧洲 |
| 历史资料 | |
| 创设时间 | 1785年 |
| 网址 | 美国圣公会官方网站 |
圣公宗主题页 | |
美国圣公会保持了圣公会的神学认识和宗教传统，以圣经、基督传统、理性共同作为圣公会的信仰根基[4]，自我描述为是“遵循大公教会传统的新教派别”（Protestant, yet Catholic）[5]。圣公会继承了使徒统绪，认定其主教的按立源自于使徒时代的圣秩圣事。公祷书是圣公会共用的礼仪书，同时也是普世圣公宗和各成员教会的法典。
美国圣公会现任首席主教为孔茂功（又译：麦可·柯里）。孔茂功原任北卡罗莱纳教区主教区（Diocese of North Carolina），他在2015年6月25至7月3日期间于美国犹他州盐湖城召开的美国圣公会第78届全国大会（General Convention）上，获选接替萧宽宁（Katharine Jefferts Schori）成为美国圣公会第27任首席主教，亦是美国圣公会首位非裔首席主教。
美国圣公会在社会福音运动相当活跃，反对死刑，支持民权运动以及肯定性行动。
美国圣公会参与普世教会协会，并和美国福音路德教会、美国部份省份的摩拉维亚弟兄会、瑞典教会、旧天主教会乌特勒支联盟、菲律宾独立教会、圣多马叙利亚教会达成共融[6]。2016年1月14日，由于对同性婚姻的立场分歧，美国圣公会与普世圣公宗协议停止与普世圣公宗的共融三年。[7]
历史
编辑美国革命后不久，由于英国圣公会的所有神职人员都必须宣誓效忠英国君主，圣公会美国教区被要求与英国圣公会断绝关系，于是在1789年成立了美国圣公会。
体制
编辑美国圣公会采用主教制，与其他圣公会相同。
该会目前分为110个教区，分布在美国本土，以及哥伦比亚、多米尼加共和国、厄瓜多尔、海地、洪都拉斯、波多黎各、台湾、委内瑞拉、维尔京群岛和欧洲。[8] 这些教区组成9个教省，每个教省有一个大会（Synod），但无权管理下属教区。
今天，美国圣公会共有7000多个堂会，其全国总部设在纽约第二大道815号，圣公会人士常简称为“815”[9]。
神学院
编辑- Berkeley Divinity School at Yale, New Haven, Connecticut
- Bexley Hall Seabury Western Theological Seminary Federation:
- Bexley Hall, Bexley, Ohio
- Seabury-Western Theological Seminary, Chicago, Illinois
- Church Divinity School of the Pacific, Berkeley, California
- 圣公会总会神学院 , New York City
- Nashotah House , Nashotah, Wisconsin
- School of Theology at The University of the South , Sewanee, Tennessee
- Seminary of the Southwest , Austin, Texas
- Trinity School for Ministry , Ambridge, Pennsylvania
- 维吉尼亚神学院 , Alexandria, Virginia
争议
编辑按立妇女
编辑2006年6月18日，选出新任主席主教，来自内华达州教区的萧宽宁主教于2006年底在华盛顿国家座堂举行就职典礼。她是圣公宗历史上第一位女性首席主教。
LGBT
编辑2003年11月2日，美国圣公会按立公开的男同志罗宾逊为新罕布什尔州教区主教，引起轩然大波。这次按立，直接引至由全球保守派圣公会主教组成的圣公会南半球联盟于2008年6月22日，在耶路撒冷举行首次全球圣公宗前途会议。
美国圣公会代表组织重新确定对LGBT的立场，表示LGBT信徒是美国教会“不可缺少”的一部分。[10]
2012年7月10日，美国圣公会在印第安纳波利斯召开的圣公会总会。“代表会议”以171票赞成、50票反对的结果，投票压倒性地通过一项名为“终身契约之见证与祝福”的提案，同意各教区主教为同性伴侣举行宗教上的祝福仪式，包括目前已承认同性婚姻的州内也可施行。圣公会发言人戴维居表示，新措施将于12月生效，先实施三年再做评估。圣公会也成为美国首个认可祝福同性婚姻的最大宗教团体。[11]
信徒人数
编辑2007年，美国圣公会受洗信徒的人数为2,154,572人，较2006年人数2,205,376人下降4.15% [12][13]。
虽然人数下降是近年来许多主流教派（Oldline Protestant）普遍面临的问题[14]，不过仅在2003年到2005年，美国圣公会就流失了115,000名信徒，大多是因为按立公开的男同志罗宾逊担任新罕布什尔主教事件而另行成立北美圣公会而减少[15]。
海外传教
编辑1820年，成立美国圣公会差会。
1835年，美国圣公会决定到中国传教，Henry Lockwood 和 Francis R. Hanson 无法留在广州，改去爪哇。1841年文惠廉（William Jones Boone）到澳门，1842年迁到厦门，1845年7月17日，到达上海。主要在中国中部长江流域传教。1912年加入中华圣公会。
目前美国圣公会的信徒还分布在美国以外的中南美洲、加勒比海、台湾和欧洲等地。
维基新闻中的相关报导：美国圣公会选出首位女性领袖
参考文献
编辑引用
编辑- ^ edited by F. L. Cross.; F. L. Cross (Editor), E. A. Livingstone (Editor). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd edition. USA: Oxford University Press. 13 March 1997: 554. ISBN 0-19-211655-X.
- ^ Episcopal Church. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press. 2001-05 [2007-09-09]. （原始内容存档于2008-12-05）.
- ^ Episcopal Church USA. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. [2007-09-09]. （原始内容存档于2008-07-27）.
- ^ Authority, Sources of (in Anglicanism). [2017-11-19]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-03）.
- ^ What makes us Anglican? Hallmarks of the Episcopal Church. Episcopalchurch.org. [2008-11-16]. （原始内容存档于2011-06-12）.
- ^ Full Communion Partners. episcopal church. [2017-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2017-08-09）.
- ^ Anglicans suspend Episcopal Church over same-sex marriage （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），Daniel Burke，CNN，2016
- ^ The Anglican Communion Official Website: Iglesia Episcopal de Cuba. [2008-11-15]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-06）.
- ^ What's Happening at 815? 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2008-07-09.
- ^ Executive Council letter affirms Episcopal Church's welcome to all people. [2017-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-03）.
We wish clearly to affirm that our position as a church is to welcome all persons, particularly those perceived to be the least among us. We wish to reaffirm to our lesbian and gay members that they remain a welcome and integral part of the Episcopal Church.
- ^ Episcopal Church Approves Gay Couples' Same-Sex Blessings. huffington post. 2012 [2017-11-17]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-20）.
- ^ Dart, John. Episcopal membership loss 'precipitous'. The Christian Century. 2006-11-14 [2008-05-25]. （原始内容存档于2010-04-30）.
- ^ From 2005 Parochial Reports. Source: The General Convention Office as of January 2007 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2008-11-13. Retrieved October 25, 2007
- ^ Mainline Protestant churches no longer dominate 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2007-12-31.
- ^ "Episcopal membership loss 'precipitous'" （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Christian Century, November 14, 2006, retrieved 2007-10-27
来源
编辑- Adams, Elizabeth. Going to Heaven: The Life and Election of Bishop Gene Robinson. Brooklyn, New York: Soft Skull Press. 2006. ISBN 978-1-933368-22-1.
- Baltzell, E. Digby. The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy and Caste in America. New York: Random House. 1964.
- Bourgeois, Michael. All Things Human: Henry Codman Potter and the Social Gospel in the Episcopal Church. Studies in Anglican History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-252-02877-9.
- Butler, Diana Hochstedt. Standing Against the Whirlwind: Evangelical Episcopalians in Nineteenth-Century America. Religion in America. New York: Oxford University Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-19-508542-6.
- Bell, James B. A War of Religion: Dissenters, Anglicans, and the American Revolution. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. 2008. ISBN 978-0-230-54297-6.
- Clark, Jennifer. 'Church of Our Fathers': The Development of the Protestant Episcopal Church Within the Changing Post-Revolutionary Anglo-American Relationship
. Journal of Religious History. 1994, 18 (1): 27–51. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9809.1994.tb00225.x. - Davidson, James D.; Pyle, Ralph E.; Reyes, David V. Persistence and Change in the Protestant Establishment, 1930–1992 . Social Forces. 1995, 74 (1): 157–175. JSTOR 2580627. doi:10.1093/sf/74.1.157.
- Douglas, Ian T. Anglican Mission in Changing Times: A Brief Institutional History of the Episcopal Church, USA. Roozen, David A.; Nieman, James R. (编). Church, Identity, and Change: Theology and Denominational Structures in Unsettled Times. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2005: 188–197. ISBN 978-0-8028-2819-4.
- Frum, David. How We Got Here: The '70s. New York City: Basic Books. 2000. ISBN 978-0-465-04195-4.
- Hacker, Andrew. Liberal Democracy and Social Control . American Political Science Review. 1957, 51 (4): 1009–1026. JSTOR 1952449. doi:10.2307/1952449.
- Hein, David; Shattuck, Gardiner H, Jr. The Episcopalians. New York: Church Publishing. 2004. ISBN 978-0-89869-497-0.
- Mason, Lockert B. Separation and Reunion of the Episcopal Church, 1860–1865: The Role of Bishop Thomas Atkinson. Anglican and Episcopal History. 1990, 59 (3): 345–365. JSTOR 42610426.
- Piepkorn, Arthur Carl. Profiles in Belief: The Religious Bodies of the United States and Canada. New York: Harper & Row. 1977. ISBN 978-0-06-066580-7.
- Podmore, Colin. A Tale of Two Churches: The Ecclesiologies of The Episcopal Church and the Church of England Compared. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church. 2008, 8 (2): 124–154. doi:10.1080/14742250801930822.
- Reeder, Kathleen E. Whose Church Is It, Anyway? Property Disputes and Episcopal Church Splits. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems. 2006, 40 (2): 125–171.
- Swatos, William H, Jr. A Primacy of Systems: Confederation, Cooperation, and Communion. Roozen, David A.; Nieman, James R. (编). Church, Identity, and Change: Theology and Denominational Structures in Unsettled Times. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2005: 198–226. ISBN 978-0-8028-2819-4.
- Sydnor, William. Looking at the Episcopal Church. Morehouse Publishing. 1980. ISBN 978-0-8192-1279-5.
- Williams, Peter W. The Gospel of Wealth and the Gospel of Art: Episcopalians and Cultural Philanthropy from the Gilded Age to the Depression. Anglican and Episcopal History. 2006, 75 (2): 170–223. JSTOR 42612970.
- Zahl, Paul F. M. The Protestant Face of Anglicanism. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1998. ISBN 978-0-8028-4597-9.
延伸阅读
编辑- Anglican & Episcopal History—The Journal of the Historical Society of the Episcopal Church (articles, church reviews, and book reviews).
- Articles on leading Episcopalians, both lay (e.g., George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Frances Perkins) and ordained, in American National Biography. (1999). Edited by John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. Also 100 biographical articles in Hein and Shattuck, The Episcopalians: see below.
- A Brief History of the Episcopal Church. Holmes, David L. (1993). Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International.
- A Dictionary for Episcopalians. Wall, John N. (2000). Boston, MA: Cowley Publications.
- Documents of Witness: A History of the Episcopal Church, 1782–1985. Armentrout, Don S., & Slocum, Robert Boak. (1994). New York: Church Hymnal Corporation.
- Readings from the History of the Episcopal Church. Prichard, Robert W. (Ed.). (1986). Wilton, CT: Morehouse-Barlow.
- The Episcopal Clerical Directory. New York: Church Publishing.
- An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church: A User Friendly Reference for Episcopalians. Armentrout, Don S., & Slocum, Robert Boak. (Eds.). ([1999]). New York: Church Publishing Incorporated.
- About the Concordat: 28 Questions about the Agreement between the Episcopal Church and the Evangelical Church of America [i.e. the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America], prepared by the Ecumenical Relations Office of the Episcopal Church. Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications, [1997?]. 43 p. Without ISBN
- A Commentary on [the Episcopal Church/Evangelical Lutheran Church in America] Concordat of Agreement, ed. by James E. Griffes and Daniel Martensen. Minneapolis, Minn.: Augsburg-Fortress; Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications, 1994. 159 p. ISBN 0-8066-2690-9
- Concordat of Agreement [between the Episcopal Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]: Supporting Essays, ed. by Daniel F. Martensen. Minneapolis, Minn.: Augsburg-Fortress; Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications, 1995. 234 p. ISBN 0-8066-2667-4
- Seltser, Barry Jay. Episcopalian Crisis: Authority, Homosexuality & the Future of Anglicanism. Commonweal. 19 May 2006, 133 (10) [December 19, 2006]. （原始内容存档于20 October 2007）.
|author=和|last1=只需其一 (帮助) An essay on Hooker and the present discontents. - The History of the Episcopal Church in America, 1607–1991: A Bibliography. Caldwell, Sandra M., & Caldwell, Ronald J. (1993). New York: Garland Publishing.
- Shattuck, Gardiner H, Jr. Episcopalians and Race: Civil War to Civil Rights. Religion in the South. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 2000. ISBN 978-0-8131-2149-9.
- Jamestown Commitment: the Episcopal Church [i.e. the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A.] and the American Indian, by Owanah Anderson. Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications (1988). 170 p. ISBN 0-88028-082-4
- Mullin, Robert Bruce. "Trends in the Study of the History of the Episcopal Church," Anglican and Episcopal History, June 2003, Vol. 72 Issue 2, pp 153–165, historiography
- New Georgia Encyclopedia article on the Episcopal Church in the U.S. South （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- "The Forgotten Evangelicals: Virginia Episcopalians, 1790–1876". Waukechon, John Frank. Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001, Vol. 61, Issue 8, pp. 3322–3322.
- Tarter, Brent. Reflections on the Church of England in Colonial Virginia. Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 2004, 112 (4): 338–371. JSTOR 4250211. doi:10.2307/4250211.
- Noble Powell and the Episcopal Establishment in the Twentieth Century. Hein, David. (2001, 2007). Urbana: University of Illinois Press; paperback reprint, Eugene, Ore.: Wipf & Stock.
- Rewriting History: Scapegoating the Episcopal Church （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Savitri Hensman. Ekklesia. 2007.
