巴斯克民族主義黨
巴斯克民族主義黨（巴斯克語：Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea；西班牙語：Partido Nacionalista Vasco），西班牙中間偏右政黨，主張巴斯克民族主義。[12]
巴斯克民族主義黨 Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (巴斯克語) Partido Nacionalista Vasco (西班牙語) Parti Nationaliste Basque (法語) | |
|---|---|
 巴斯克民族主義黨標誌 | |
| 主席 | Andoni Ortuzar |
| 創始人 | 薩維諾·阿拉納 |
| 成立 | 1895年 |
| 總部 | Sabin Etxea, Ibáñez de Bilbao, 16 畢爾巴鄂 |
| 青年組織 | Euzko Gaztedi |
| 意識形態 | 巴斯克民族主義[1][2][3][4] 歐洲聯邦主義[5] 公民民族主義 區域主義[6] 基督教民主主義[4][7] 保守主義[8] 保守自由主義[9] |
| 政治立場 | 中間偏右[10] |
| 歐洲組織 | 歐洲民主黨 |
| 國際組織 | 無，以前是民主主義者聯盟成員[11] |
| 歐洲議會黨團 | 復興歐洲 |
| 官方色彩 | 紅，綠，白 |
| 眾議院（巴斯克席位） | 6 / 18 |
| 參議院（巴斯克席位） | 10 / 15 |
| 歐洲議會 | 1 / 59 |
| 巴斯克議會 | 31 / 75 |
| 納瓦拉議會 | 4 / 50 Inside Geroa Bai |
| Juntas Generales | 54 / 153 |
| 巴斯克自治區鎮議員 | 1,017 / 2,628 |
| 官方網站 | |
| www.eaj-pnv.eus | |
| 西班牙政治 政黨 · 選舉 | |
歷史
編輯巴斯克民族主義黨成立於1895年，是巴斯克民族主義政黨團體中規模最大，歷史最悠久的組織。該黨是巴斯克自治區最大的政黨。
選舉結果
編輯巴斯克
編輯| 巴斯克議會 | |||||||
| 選舉 | 得票 | % | 排名 | 席次 | +/– | 領袖 | 地位 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 349,102 | 38.0 | 1st | 25 / 60
|
— | Carlos Garaikoetxea | 政府 |
| 1984 | 451,178 | 41.8 | 1st | 32 / 75
|
 7
|
Carlos Garaikoetxea | 政府 |
| 1986 | 271,208 | 23.6 | 1st | 17 / 75
|
 15
|
José Antonio Ardanza | 政府 |
| 1990 | 289,701 | 28.3 | 1st | 22 / 75
|
5
|
José Antonio Ardanza | 政府 |
| 1994 | 304,346 | 29.3 | 1st | 22 / 75
|
 0
|
José Antonio Ardanza | 政府 |
| 1998 | 350,322 | 27.6 | 1st | 21 / 75
|
1
|
Juan José Ibarretxe | 政府 |
| 2001 | w. PNV–EA | 26 / 75
|
5
|
Juan José Ibarretxe | 政府 | ||
| 2005 | w. PNV–EA | 21 / 75
|
5
|
Juan José Ibarretxe | 政府 | ||
| 2009 | 399,600 | 38.1 | 1st | 30 / 75
|
9
|
Juan José Ibarretxe | 反對派 |
| 2012 | 384,766 | 34.2 | 1st | 27 / 75
|
3
|
伊尼戈·烏爾庫留 | 政府 |
| 2016 | 398,168 | 37.4 | 1st | 28 / 75
|
1
|
伊尼戈·烏爾庫留 | 政府 |
納瓦拉
編輯| 納瓦拉議會 | |||||||
| 選舉 | 得票 | % | 排名 | 席次 | +/– | 領袖 | 地位 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | w. Basque Nationalists | 2 / 70
|
— | Carlos Garaikoetxea | 反對派 | ||
| 1983 | 18,161 | 6.8 | 5th | 3 / 50
|
1
|
Ignacio Cabases | 反對派 |
| 1987 | 2,661 | 0.9 | 11th | 0 / 50
|
3
|
— | No seats |
| 1991 | 3,071 | 1.1 | 10th | 0 / 50
|
0
|
— | No seats |
| 1995 | 2,943 | 1.0 | 8th | 0 / 50
|
0
|
— | No seats |
| 1999 | w. EA–PNV | 0 / 50
|
0
|
— | No seats | ||
| 2003 | w. EA–PNV | 1 / 50
|
1
|
— | 反對派 | ||
| 2007 | w. Nafarroa Bai | 1 / 50
|
0
|
— | 反對派 | ||
| 2011 | w. Nafarroa Bai 2011 | 1 / 50
|
0
|
— | 反對派 | ||
| 2015 | w. Geroa Bai | 4 / 50
|
3
|
— | 政府 | ||
國家
編輯| 西班牙議會 | ||||||||
| Election | Congress | Senate | Status | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vote | % | Score | Seats | +/– | Seats | +/– | ||
| 1977 | 314,272 | 1.7 | 8th | 8 / 350
|
— | 6 / 207
|
— | 反對派 |
| 1979 | 296,597 | 1.6 | 8th | 7 / 350
|
1
|
8 / 208
|
2
|
反對派 |
| 1982 | 395,656 | 1.9 | 7th | 8 / 350
|
1
|
7 / 208
|
1
|
反對派 |
| 1986 | 309,610 | 1.5 | 6th | 6 / 350
|
2
|
7 / 208
|
0
|
反對派 |
| 1989 | 254,681 | 1.2 | 6th | 5 / 350
|
1
|
4 / 208
|
3
|
反對派 |
| 1993 | 291,448 | 1.2 | 6th | 5 / 350
|
0
|
3 / 208
|
1
|
反對派 |
| 1996 | 318,951 | 1.3 | 5th | 5 / 350
|
0
|
4 / 208
|
1
|
反對派 |
| 2000 | 353,953 | 1.5 | 5th | 7 / 350
|
2
|
6 / 208
|
2
|
反對派 |
| 2004 | 420,980 | 1.6 | 6th | 7 / 350
|
0
|
6 / 208
|
0
|
反對派 |
| 2008 | 306,128 | 1.2 | 5th | 6 / 350
|
1
|
2 / 208
|
4
|
反對派 |
| 2011 | 324,317 | 1.3 | 7th | 5 / 350
|
1
|
4 / 208
|
2
|
反對派 |
| 2015 | 302,316 | 1.2 | 8th | 6 / 350
|
1
|
6 / 208
|
2
|
反對派 |
| 2016 | 287,014 | 1.2 | 7th | 5 / 350
|
1
|
5 / 208
|
1
|
反對派 |
| 2019年4月 | 394,627 | 1.5 | 8th | 6 / 350
|
1
|
9 / 208
|
4
|
反對派 |
| 2019年11月 | 377,423 | 1.6 | 9th | 6 / 350
|
0
|
9 / 208
|
0
|
TBD |
| Election | Basque Country | Navarre | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congress | Senate | Congress | Senate | |||||||||||
| Vote | % | Score | Seats | +/– | Seats | +/– | Vote | % | Score | Seats | +/– | Seats | +/– | |
| 1977 | 296,193 | 29.3 | 1st | 8 / 21
|
— | 6 / 12
|
— | w. Navarrese Autonomist Union |
0 / 5
|
— | 0 / 4
|
— | ||
| 1979 | 275,292 | 27.6 | 1st | 7 / 21
|
1
|
8 / 12
|
2
|
21,305 | 8.4 | 5th | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
|
| 1982 | 379,293 | 31.7 | 1st | 8 / 21
|
1
|
7 / 12
|
1
|
16,363 | 5.5 | 5th | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
|
| 1986 | 304,675 | 27.8 | 1st | 6 / 21
|
2
|
7 / 12
|
0
|
4,935 | 1.8 | 7th | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
|
| 1989 | 252,119 | 22.8 | 1st | 5 / 21
|
1
|
4 / 12
|
3
|
2,562 | 0.9 | 8th | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
|
| 1993 | 287,908 | 24.1 | 2nd | 5 / 19
|
0
|
3 / 12
|
1
|
3,540 | 1.1 | 8th | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
|
| 1996 | 315,793 | 25.0 | 1st | 5 / 19
|
0
|
4 / 12
|
1
|
3,158 | 1.0 | 7th | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
|
| 2000 | 347,417 | 30.4 | 1st | 7 / 19
|
2
|
6 / 12
|
2
|
6,536 | 2.2 | 6th | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
|
| 2004 | 420,980 | 33.7 | 1st | 7 / 19
|
0
|
6 / 12
|
0
|
w. Nafarroa Bai | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
| ||
| 2008 | 306,128 | 27.1 | 2nd | 6 / 18
|
1
|
2 / 12
|
4
|
w. Nafarroa Bai | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
| ||
| 2011 | 324,317 | 27.4 | 1st | 5 / 18
|
1
|
4 / 12
|
2
|
w. Geroa Bai | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
| ||
| 2015 | 302,316 | 24.7 | 2nd | 6 / 18
|
1
|
6 / 12
|
2
|
w. Cambio-Aldaketa | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
| ||
| 2016 | 287,014 | 24.9 | 2nd | 5 / 18
|
1
|
5 / 12
|
1
|
w. Geroa Bai | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
| ||
| 2019 (Apr) | 394,627 | 31.1 | 1st | 6 / 18
|
1
|
9 / 12
|
4
|
w. Cambio-Aldaketa | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
| ||
| 2019 (Nov) | 377,423 | 32.1 | 1st | 6 / 18
|
0
|
9 / 12
|
0
|
w. Cambio-Aldaketa | 0 / 5
|
0
|
0 / 4
|
0
| ||
參考資料
編輯- ^ Ahedo, Igor, Political parties in the Basque autonomous community, Basque Society: Structures, Institutions, And Contemporary Life (Center for Basque Studies), 2005: 177
- ^ Ramiro, Luis; Morales, Laura, European integration and Spanish parties: Elite empowerment amidst limited adaptation, The Europeanization of National Political Parties: Power and organizational adaptation (Routledge), 2007: 145
- ^ Pallarés, Francesc; Keating, Michael, Multi-level electoral competition: sub-state elections and party systems in Spain, Devolution and electoral politics (Manchester University Press), 2006: 101
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Gibbons 1999，第25頁: «the PNV, a Basque nationalist and Christian democratic party»
- ^ El PNV aboga por una Europa federal sin Estados-Nación. 2013-03-24 [2018-01-15]. （原始內容存檔於2018-06-15） （西班牙語）.
- ^ Magone, José M., Contemporary Spanish Politics Second, Routledge: 170, 2009
- ^ Papini, Roberto, The Identity of the Christian Democratic Movement and Theory of Democracy, Religion, the Enlightenment, and the New Global Order (Columbia University Press), 2010: 259
Keating, Michael, Nationalist Movements in Comparative Perspective, The Modern SNP: From Protest to Power (Edinburgh University Press), 2009: 208 - ^ Basabe Lloréns, Felipe, Spain: the emergence of a new major actor in the European arena, Fifteen Into One?: The European Union and Its Member States (Manchester University Press), 2003: 207
Irvin, Cynthia L., Negotiating End Games: A Comparative Analysis of the IRA and ETA, Reconcilable Differences: Turning Points in Ethnopolitical Conflict (Kumarian Press), 2000: 191
Newton, Michael T., Institutions of Modern Spain: A Political and Economic Guide, Cambridge University Press: 207, 1997 - ^ Hans Slomp. Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics [2 volumes]: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. 2011-09-26: 519 [2018-04-18]. ISBN 978-0-313-39182-8. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-02）.
- ^ Mateos, Araceli; Penadés, Alberto. España: crisis y recortes (PDF). Revista de ciencia política (Santiago). 2013, 33 (1): 175 [2016-01-04]. ISSN 0718-090X. （原始內容 (pdf)存檔於2016-03-08） （西班牙語）.
Convergencia i Unió (CiU) y el Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV-EAJ) son los partidos nacionalistas de centro-derecha en Cataluña y el País Vasco, respectivamente
- ^ Nuñez, Xosé-Manoel, A State of Many Nations: The Construction of a Plural Spanish Society since 1976, The Social Construction of Diversity (Berghahn Books), 2003: 287
Keating, Michael; Loughlin, John; Deschouwer, Kris, Culture, Institutions, and Economic Development: A Study of Eight European Regions, Edward Elgar Publishing: 55, 2003 - ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2017-09-04]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2016-03-04）.
參考書目
編輯- Gibbons, John, Spanish Politics Today, Manchester University Press, 174, 1999 [2018-04-18], ISBN 978-0-7190-4946-0, （原始內容存檔於2019-05-02）
- Hepburn, Eve, New Challenges for Stateless Nationalist and Regionalist Parties, Routledge, 186, 2013, ISBN 978-1-317-96596-1
- Anttiroiko, Ari-Veikko; Mälkiä, Matti, Encyclopedia of Digital Government, Idea Group Inc (IGI), 1916, 2007 [2018-04-18], ISBN 978-1-59140-790-4, （原始內容存檔於2019-05-02）
- Verney, Susannah, Euroscepticism in Southern Europe: A Diachronic Perspective, Routledge, 224, 2013 [2018-04-18], ISBN 978-1-317-99611-8, （原始內容存檔於2019-05-02）
- Ştefuriuc, Irina, Government Formation in Multi-Level Settings: Party Strategy and Institutional Constraints, Palgrave Macmillan, 200, 2013, ISBN 978-1-137-30074-4
- Cabestan, Jean-Pierre; Pavković, Aleksandar, Secessionism and Separatism in Europe and Asia: To Have a State of One's Own, Routledge, 246, 2013 [2018-04-18], ISBN 978-0-415-66774-6, （原始內容存檔於2019-05-02）
- López Basaguren, Alberto; Escajedo San Epifanio, Leire, The Ways of Federalism in Western Countries and the Horizons of Territorial Autonomy in Spain: Volume 2, Springer Science & Business Media, 924, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-27717-7
- Chislett, William, Spain: What Everyone Needs to KnowRG, What Everyone Needs to Know, Oxford University Press, 256, 2013, ISBN 978-0-19-993645-8
外部連結
編輯
- EAJ-PNV page in English （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） （巴斯克文） （西班牙文） （英文）
- EGI, youth movement of EAJ-PNV （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） （巴斯克文）
- Basque Nationalism Museum （西班牙文）（巴斯克文） （英文）
- The cradle of Basque nationalism （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- Manifiesto y Organización del Partido Nacionalista Vasco, PNV's internal rules from 1906. As heavy scanned JPEG images of Spanish text. （西班牙文）
- EAJ-PNV Ordizia （巴斯克文） （西班牙文）