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Synthwave（中文：合成器浪潮，合成波）是一种电子音乐风格。

Synthwave
其他名称
  • Outrun
  • retrowave
  • future synth
风格起源
文化起源Mid-to late 2000s;[4][5] France, Western Europe
类型分支
其他主题

Synthwave (also called outrun, retrowave, or futuresynth[5]) is an 电子音乐 microgenre（英语：microgenre） that is based predominantly on the music associated with action, science-fiction, and horror film soundtracks of the 1980s.[2] Other influences are drawn from the decade's art and video games.[3] Synthwave musicians often espouse nostalgia for 1980s culture and attempt to capture the era's atmosphere and celebrate it.[9]

The genre developed in the mid-to late 2000s through French house producers, as well as younger artists who were inspired by the 2002 video game 侠盗猎车手：罪恶城市. Other reference points included composers 约翰·卡本特, 让-米歇尔·雅尔, 范吉利斯 (especially his score for the 1982 film 银翼杀手), and 橘梦乐团. Synthwave reached wider popularity after being featured in the soundtracks of the 2011 film 亡命驾驶 (which included some of the genre's best-known songs), 2012 videogame 迈阿密热线, 2017 film 雷神索尔3：诸神黄昏 and the Netflix series 怪奇物语.

特点及相关术语

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Synthwave is a microgenre（英语：microgenre）[10][11] of 电子音乐[1] that draws predominantly from 1980s films, video games, and cartoons,[12] as well as composers such as 约翰·卡本特, 让-米歇尔·雅尔, 范吉利斯, and 橘梦乐团.[13][14] Other reference points include 电子音乐类型列表 including house, synth, and nu-disco.[15] It is primarily an instrumental genre, although there are occasional exceptions to the rule.[16] Common tempos are between 80 and 118 BPM, while more upbeat tracks may be between 128 and 140 BPM.[17]

"Outrun" is a synonym of synthwave that was later used to refer more generally to retro 1980s aesthetics such as VHS tracking artifacts, magenta neon, and 栅格设计.[16] The term comes from the 1986 竞速游戏 game 超越 (游戏), which is known for its soundtrack that could be selected in-game and its 1980s aesthetic.[14][18] According to musician Perturbator（英语：Perturbator） (James Kent), outrun is also its own subgenre, mainly instrumental, and often contains 1980s clichéd elements in the sound such as 电子鼓, gated reverb（英语：gated reverb）, and analog synthesizer（英语：analog synthesizer） bass lines and leads—all to resemble tracks from that time period.[19] There is also a visual component on synthwave album covers and music videos. According to PC Gamer, the essence of outrun visuals is "taking elements of a period of '80s excess millennials find irresistibly evocative, and modernizing them so they're just barely recognizable."[20]

Other subgenres include dreamwave, darksynth, and scifiwave.[7] Journalist Julia Neuman cited "outrun", "futuresynth", and "retrowave" as alternative terms for synthwave[5] while author Nicholas Diak wrote that "retrowave" was an 上下位关系 that encompasses 1980s revivalism genres such as synthwave and vaporwave.[16] Darksynth is influenced by horror cinema.[21] Invisible Oranges（英语：Invisible Oranges） wrote that darksynth is exemplified mainly by a shift away from the bright "迈阿密风云 vibes" and "French electro house influences" and "toward the darker electronic terrains of horror movie maestro composers John Carpenter and Goblin (band)（英语：Goblin）" also infused with sounds from 后朋克, 工业音乐 and Electronic body music（英语：EBM）.[22]

起源

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Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 performing in 2007

Synthwave originates from the mid-2000s[23] or late 2000s.[4] Diak traced the genre to a broader trend involving young artists whose works drew from their childhoods in the 1980s. He credited the success of the 2002 video game 侠盗猎车手：罪恶城市 with shifting "attitudes toward the '80s ... from parody and ambivalence to that of homage and reverence", leading directly to genres such as synthwave and vaporwave.[16] The influence of Vice City was also noted by 未来出版社.[10] Molly Lambert of 音乐电视网 noted the song "Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。" by 橘梦乐团 in the film Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 (1983) was a major influence, with "ornately repetitive synth patterns, hypnotic chimes, and percussive choogling drum machines".[14]

The mid-2000s Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 acts Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 (College), and Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。, who had created music in the style of 1980s film scores, were among the earliest artists to be part of the emergence of synthwave.[5] Key reference points for early synthwave included the 1982 film 银翼杀手 (both Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 and the film itself), 8- and 16-bit video games, 1980s jingles for VHS production companies, and television news broadcasts and advertisements from that era.[4] According to 新音乐快递 and 未来出版社, the 2011 film 亡命驾驶 was a major influence on synthwave, and included a track by Kavinsky, "Nightcall" in the film's soundtrack,[24][10] as well as David Grellier, Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。, and several tracks by Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。.[10] EDM.com described Kavinsky as a "synthwave pioneer",[25] while the horror blog Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 describes Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 as a "synthwave icon".[26]

Popularity and legacy

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In the early 2010s, the synthwave soundtracks of films such as 亡命驾驶 and 创：光速战记 attracted new fans and artists to the genre.[7] Drive featured Kavinsky's "Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。" and "Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。" by College and Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。, which catapulted synthwave into mainstream recognition and solidified its stature as a music genre.[4] The genre's popularity was furthered through its presence in the soundtracks of video games like 极地战嚎3：血龙 and Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。, as well as the Netflix series 怪奇物语, which featured synthwave pieces that accommodated the show's 1980s setting.[4][27] Nerdglow's Christopher Higgins cited Electric Youth and Kavinsky as the two most popular artists in synthwave in 2014.[12]

In the mid-2010s, "蒸气波" (a portmanteau of "法西斯主义" and "synthwave")[8] emerged as a largely instrumental 音乐类型 of synthwave and vaporwave, with political track titles and occasional soundbites, such as excerpts of speeches given by 阿道夫·希特勒.[28] The phenomenon was described as self-identified fascists and 另类右派 members appropriating vaporwave music and aesthetics.[29][30] Elsewhere, there was a growing trend of Russian synthwave musicians whose work espoused nostalgia for the 苏联, sometimes described as "Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。".[31]

In 2016, British band 1975乐团 released the critically acclaimed synthwave-influenced track "别人". The track comes as their third single for their second album, 突袭美梦. It has been cited as a major influence on many contemporaries' work, such as 洛德 (歌手), 泰特·麦可蕾 and 奥莉维亚·罗德里戈.

Synthwave remained a niche genre throughout the 2010s. In 2017, PC Gamer noted that synthwave influences were to be felt in early 2010s gaming releases, primarily of the "outrun" subgenre, including Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 and 极地战嚎3：血龙.[20] Writing in 2019, PopMatters journalist Preston Cram said, "Despite its significant presence and the high level of enthusiasm about it, synthwave in its complete form remains a primarily underground form of music."[4] He added that "Nightcall" and "A Real Hero" remained "two of only a small number of synthwave songs produced to date that widely known outside the genre's followers."[4]

The 2019 虚拟现实 game Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 heavily features the synthwave genre in its soundtrack,[32] which was composed by Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。.

In 2020, "Blinding Lights", a synthwave-influenced song by 节奏布鲁斯 artist 威肯[33][34] topped US record charts, the first song to do so during the 2019冠状病毒病疫情.[35] Matt Mills of Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 wrote in 2021 that the genre "had exploded into the mainstream, cramming dancefloors and soundtracking blockbusters."[36]

参见

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  • Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 – 2019 synthwave documentary featuring John Carpenter[37]
  • Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。
  • 信息空间
  • Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。
  • 赛博朋克
  • 蒸气波
  • Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。
  • 亡命驾驶 - The 2011 Lua错误：bad argument #1 to 'gsub' (string expected, got nil)。 featuring 瑞恩·高斯林

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Robert. On The Synthwave Genre and Video Games. Surreal Resolution. 23 September 2016 [2017-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-01-20）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hunt, Jon. We Will Rock You: Welcome To The Future. This is Synthwave.. l'etoile. 9 April 2014 [2015-05-18]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-11）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Neuman, Julia. A Retrowave Primer: 9 Artists Bringing Back the '80s. 音乐电视网 Iggy. June 23, 2015 [2015-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2015-06-23）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Cram, Preston. How Synthwave Grew from a Niche '80s Throwback to a Current Phenomenon. Popmatters. 2019-11-25 [2019-12-05]. （原始内容存档于2019-11-28） （美国英语）. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Neuman, Julia. The Nostalgic Allure of 'Synthwave'. 纽约观察家报. July 30, 2015 [2016-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-25）. 
  6. ^ 25 Favourite Italo Disco Tracks. electricityclub.co.uk. 12 May 2018 [2022-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-30）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Young, Bryan. Synthwave: If Tron and Megaman had a music baby.. Glitchslap.com. 25 March 2015 [2015-05-19]. （原始内容存档于2019-02-14）. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Hann, Michael. 'Fashwave': synth music co-opted by the far right. 卫报. December 14, 2016 [October 23, 2017]. （原始内容存档于December 20, 2016）. 
  9. ^ Calvert, John. Xeno and Oaklander - Sets & Lights. Drowned in Sound（英语：Drowned in Sound）. 13 October 2011 [2015-06-08]. （原始内容存档于2015-09-13）. 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Music, Future. The beginner's guide to: synthwave. MusicRadar. 2021-05-12 [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-05-17）. 
  11. ^ Maxwell, Dante. Music Microgenres: A Brief History of Retrowave, Acid House, & Chillhop. Zizacious. September 20, 2019 [July 19, 2020]. （原始内容存档于July 19, 2020）. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Higgins, Christopher. The 7 Most Essential Synthwave Artists. Nerdglow.com. 2014-07-29 [2015-05-18]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-25）. 
  13. ^ Hunt, Jon. We Will Rock You: Welcome To The Future. This is Synthwave.. l'etoile. 9 April 2014 [2015-05-18]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-11）. 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Lambert, Molly. Stranger Things and how Tangerine Dream soundtracked the 80s. MTV.com. 2016-08-04 [2016-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2016-08-21）. 
  15. ^ Cram, Preston. What is Synthwave? • Electrozombies. Electrozombies. 2021-06-24 [2021-06-24]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-24） （美国英语）. 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Wetmore 2018，第31页.
  17. ^ Synthwave: 5 Production Essentials | ModeAudio Magazine. ModeAudio. [2020-04-15]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-05） （英语）. 
  18. ^ Prisco, Jacopo. How Out Run changed video games forever. Wired UK（英语：Wired UK）. 18 September 2021 [2021-11-04]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-04）. 
  19. ^ McCasker, Toby. Riding the Cyber Doom Synthwave With Perturbator | NOISEY. Noisey.vice.com. 2014-06-22 [2015-05-19]. （原始内容存档于2015-05-04）. 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 Iwaniuk, Phil. How synthwave music inspired games to explore a past that never existed. PC Gamer. 2017-10-04 [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-14） （英语）. 
  21. ^ Hickman, Langdon. Master Boot Record's Dark Synthwave Injects Cyberpunk Into New Adventure Game "VirtuaVerse". Invisible Oranges（英语：Invisible Oranges）. June 22, 2020 [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-19） （英语）. 
  22. ^ Aprill, Joseph. GosT-ly Horror: Darksynth Master James Lollar Talks Metal, Movies, and More. Invisible Oranges（英语：Invisible Oranges）. February 29, 2020 [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-04） （英语）. 
  23. ^ Neuman, Julia. The Nostalgic Allure of 'Synthwave'. 纽约观察家报. July 30, 2015 [2016-05-16]. （原始内容存档于2016-09-25）. 
  24. ^ Kavinsky on his return and a new collaboration with The Weeknd: "It's happening soon". NME. 2022-02-11 [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-12）. 
  25. ^ Sunkel, Cameron. Kavinsky Confirms New Collaboration With The Weeknd. EDM.com - The Latest Electronic Dance Music News, Reviews & Artists. 12 February 2022 [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-12）. 
  26. ^ Miska, Brad. Carpenter Brut Returns With Horror-Themed Album 'Leather Terror' and Nightmarish Video for Single 'Imaginary Fire'. Bloody Disgusting!. 2022-01-27 [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-04）. 
  27. ^ A Guide to Synthwave Part II – Drive, Blood Dragon & Hotline Miami. Hey Nineteen. 2017-06-22 [2021-11-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-10） （英语）. 
  28. ^ Bullock, Penn; Kerry, Eli. Trumpwave and Fashwave Are Just the Latest Disturbing Examples of the Far-Right Appropriating Electronic Music. Vice (杂志). January 30, 2017 [2017-02-06]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-06）. 
  29. ^ Farrell, Paul. Fashwave: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know. Heavy.com. 2018-05-18 [2020-03-05]. （原始内容存档于2020-05-23） （英语）. 
  30. ^ Hermansson, Patrik; Lawrence, David; Mulhall, Joe; Murdoch, Simon. The International Alt-Right: Fascism for the 21st Century?. Taylor & Francis. 2020: 96 [2020-07-15]. ISBN 978-0-429-62709-5. （原始内容存档于2020-08-03）. 
  31. ^ Luhn, Alec. Russia's musical new wave embraces Soviet chic. 卫报. July 29, 2015 [July 15, 2020]. （原始内容存档于November 8, 2020）. 
  32. ^ Bonetones: The Boneworks OST, by Michael Wyckoff. Michael Wyckoff. [2023-02-06] （英语）. 
  33. ^ [LISTEN] The Weeknd's 'Blinding Lights' Is Yearning Synthwave. uproxx.com. 29 November 2019 [2022-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2019-12-03）. 
  34. ^ How Dua Lipa and The Weeknd are bringing the 80s back… again. BBC News. 2020-03-31 [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2020-04-08） （英国英语）. 
  35. ^ Molanphy, Chris. Why the Weeknd's "Blinding Lights" is the first chart topper of the coronavirus era.. Slate. 9 April 2020 [2022-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-04）. 
  36. ^ Matt Mills. Perturbator's Lustful Sacraments: synthwave guru takes a walk on the dark side. loudersound. 2021-06-02 [2022-02-13]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-16） （英语）. 
  37. ^ Doc'n Roll Film Festival - The Rise of The Synths. www.docnrollfestival.com. [2019-09-30]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-30）. 
Bibliography

外部链接

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Category:电子音乐类型 Category:网络文化 Category:2000年代音乐 Category:2010年代音乐 Category:2020年代音乐 Category:复古风格 Category:独立音乐

参考资料

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