維基百科

用戶:AINH/R/antiwork

< User:AINH
r/antiwork
網站類型
Subreddit
成立2013年8月14日，​11年前​（2013-08-14）
網址www.reddit.com/r/antiwork/
用戶>1,600,000 members

r/antiwork is a subreddit associated with the anti-work movement.[1][2][3] On January 26, 2022, the forum went private due to ideological and organizational disagreements amongst members of the forum.[4] The forum's ideology, goals, and intentions changed significantly over time.[1][5]

Originally, it was a big tent of far-left ideologies such as Marxism and anarchism. Users rejected capitalism, liberal democracy, organized religion, electoralism, and reformism as means of class exploitation, and many advocated class consciousness and struggle to achieve social, economic, and political change.[1][5][6] The subreddit's rapid growth since 2021 — which led to an influx of liberal users who advocate forms of mixed economy under regulated capitalism（英語：Regulatory capitalism） — moved /r/antiwork significantly to the political center, generating significant tension over the subreddit's purpose amongst its userbase.[1][5] On January 25, 2022, moderators clarified /r/antiwork's ideology, saying that it rejected Marxism as leading to authoritarianism.[7][8][9]

The forum's slogan was: "Unemployment for all, not just the rich!". Posts on the forum commonly described employees' negative experiences at work and unionization（英語：Organizing model）.[1][5] Other organized actions that they took included taking a consumer boycott of Black Friday as well as the coordinated submissions of fake job applications（英語：Application for employment） after Kellogg's announced plans to replace 1,400 striking workers（英語：2021 Kellogg's strike）.[1][10][11][12] The popularity of r/antiwork increased in 2021, with more than 1,600,000 members as January 2022, representing an increase of more than 900,000 members that year. r/antiwork was compared to the Occupy Wall Street movement due to the subreddit's intellectual foundations and leaderless structure, as well as the "lying flat" movement in China.[1][13]

Formation

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r/antiwork was created in 2013.[1][14] Pseudonymously known online as Doreen Cleyre after American anarchist（英語：Anarchism in the United States） writer and feminist Voltairine de Cleyre, Doreen Ford describes the subreddit (from her position of longest active moderator circa 2014) as a big tent of the anti-work movement.[1][5] In 2014, Ford was writing a blog called AbolishWork.com.[1] Until 2017, Ford worked at a series of retail jobs for a decade, which she described as "miserable".[1][5][15] In 2017, Ford quit working in retail to work with animals, mainly dogs, on the advice of her grandmother. As of 2021, she earns a living through dog walking, pet sitting（英語：pet sitting）, and through crowdfunding on her Patreon.[1][5][15]

Content

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r/antiwork used the slogan "Unemployment for all, not just the rich!" Members of the subreddit were known as "idlers" in reference to the Protestant work ethic. Posts commonly criticized hustle culture[16] and share stories of employees' negative experiences at their jobs,[17] including unfair treatment and poor working conditions（英語：Outline of working time and conditions）[18] as well as poor pay.[11] Other posts expressed members' happiness after quitting their jobs,[19][20] a trend which began on the subreddit in 2020 and has been linked to the Great Resignation（英語：Great Resignation） in 2021.[21] According to subreddit moderator rockcellist, the most common issues raised by members of the subreddit include "stagnation of wages, overworking, being expected to be on call on and off the clock."[2] The subreddit's most popular posts were screenshots of resignation letters and text messages, which became so popular that the subreddit's moderators restricted these posts to only Sundays.[15] According to Vice, members frequently discuss ways "to slack off, cheat, sabotage, and steal from their employers in act[s] of defiance".[6]

The subreddit included a digital library of books and texts including David Graeber's Bullshit Jobs,[1][21] Karl Marx's Wage Labour and Capital（英語：Wage Labour and Capital）, Bertrand Russell's In Praise of Idleness（英語：In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays）, Paul Lafargue's The Right to be Lazy（英語：The Right To Be Lazy）, Devon Price's Laziness Does Not Exist, Kathi Weeks' The Problem with Work, David Frayne's The Refusal of Work, and Herman Melville's Bartleby, the Scrivener, as well as a collection of anti-work quotes,[1][22] a soundtrack that includes "9 to 5（英語：9 to 5 (Dolly Parton song)）", and an FAQ page.[21] Open discussion of worker salaries was encouraged, as was union organization.[23]

Ideology

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Members of r/antiwork held varying views on work. The majority support a change in what is conceptualized as "work," while some advocate for the abolition of work altogether, and others are opposed to meaningless work or to work in a capitalist system.[16] As membership in the subreddit increased, some longtime left-wing members have objected to the perceived liberal, moderate（英語：Political moderate）, reformist, and pro-capitalist ideologies of newcomers.[1][5]

In November 2021, moderator Doreen Ford told The Independent that "The main goal of the anti-work movement is just to abolish work, but what that ends up looking like is very different, depending on who you ask," noting that members of r/antiwork include "people who are anarchists, people who are Communists, people who are social Democrats, people who like Bernie, people who like Andrew Yang" and concluding that "there's lots of different kinds of leftists."[24] In December 2021, moderator rockcellist told Quartz that "There’s no particular political ideology that any of us follow" and that the posts on the subreddit reflect "how every individual views their labor, their contributions to society, how they're compensated."[2]

An internal survey of 1,592 subreddit members found that 33.4 per cent identified as socialists, 33.2 per cent identified as social democrats and progressives, 16.1 per cent identified as anarchists, and 14.4 per cent did not identify as left-wing.[1][2][3] The survey found that most members were male and live in North America.[15] The survey also found that 50 per cent of members still work full-time.[15]

Activity

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, members of r/antiwork shared various mouse mover（英語：mouse jiggler） strategies to combat bossware（英語：bossware） intended to monitor the productivity of employees working from home.[25]

In 2021, members of r/antiwork called for "Blackout Black Friday." While originally a general strike on Black Friday, it morphed into a consumer boycott.[5] In December 2021, various members posted images of anti-work manifestos which had printed from receipt printers and referred readers to r/antiwork. Some Reddit users suggested that the printouts were fake, but the founder of cybersecurity firm GreyNoise told Vice that network traffic suggested they were being printed remotely to printers that were "misconfigured to be exposed to the internet".[26]

In October 2021, r/antiwork went viral after a warehouse worker posted a screenshot of a text they sent to their supervisor announcing that they would quit their job, which resulted in "an avalanche of quitting texts from other users."[1]

On December 9, 2021, after Kellogg's announced plans to hire new permanent workers to replace 1,400 striking workers（英語：2021 Kellogg's strike）, a thread（英語：Conversation threading） on r/antiwork urged members to submit fake applications（英語：Application for employment） for the new positions in order to overwhelm the company's hiring system. 截至2021年12月10日 (2021-12-10), the thread had more than 62,000 upvotes（英語：upvotes）; the director of communications（英語：director of communications） for the union representing the striking workers（英語：Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers' International Union） described it as "phenomenal". Members reported having submitted fake applications and that the application site had crashed repeatedly;[17] a spokesperson for Kellogg's denied that the website had crashed, telling Business Insider that the hiring process was "fully operational".[27] The initiative spread to other social media platforms.[17]

Reception

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In January 2020, the r/antiwork subreddit had about 70,000 members.[10] In February 2021, 235,000 people were members of r/antiwork, more than double the number of members from March 2020. Huck（英語：Huck (magazine)） attributed the subreddit's growth in membership to the COVID-19 pandemic and related events including a rise in union busting（英語：union busting） as well as increased acceptance of mutual aid（英語：Mutual aid (organization theory)） networks and the four-day workweek.[16] 截至2021年12月 (2021-12), the subreddit had more than 1,400,000 members, a 279 per cent increase from 2020[17] with a gain of more than 900,000 members in 2021.[5] According to Reddit, r/antiwork was one of the 15 fastest-growing subreddits 截至2021年11月24日 (2021-11-24).[12]

In 2021, opinion pieces（英語：Opinion piece） in The New York Times, The Guardian, and Vice expressed solidarity with r/antiwork.[5][21]

In a November 2021 research note, Goldman Sachs cited the subreddit and broader anti-work movement as factors that could lead to a long term decrease in labor force participation.[1][15][2]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 Codrea-Rado, Anna. Inside the Online Movement to End Work. Vice. 2021-12-22 [2021-12-22] （英語）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Todd, Sarah. What Reddit’s million-strong antiwork community can teach the rest of us. Quartz. 2021-12-20 [2021-12-22] （英語）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 rockcellist. Survey Results from 1592 Respondents. r/antiwork. 2021-10-19 [2021-12-22]. 
  4. ^ /r/Antiwork: Reddit. reddit. 2022-01-26 [2022-01-26] （美國英語）. The moderators of r/antiwork have set this community as private. Only approved members can view and take part in its discussions. 
  5. ^ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 Daro, Ishmael. The Real Point of Reddit's Antiwork Sub. Slate Magazine. 2021-11-18 [2021-12-12] （英語）. As r/antiwork has grown, many longstanding members of the subreddit have complained loudly about recent recruits who seem not to appreciate the larger ideological project. 「The subreddit is antiwork, not reformwork. We’re not liberals, a capitalist ideology. We’re leftists, anti-capitalists, and we want to abolish all work,」 reads a representative post. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Mitchell, Alex. ‘Anti-work’ threads on Reddit are fueling the Great Resignation. New York Post. January 17, 2022 [January 19, 2022] （美國英語）. [Doreen Ford] noted that the general idea behind the anti-work movement 「is to reduce the coercive element of labor as much as possible by subverting capitalism" 
  7. ^ Kimezukae. On This Subreddit's Ideology. r/antiwork. 2022-01-25 [2022-01-26]. ...made it look like the Subreddit is Marxist ("class consciousness"), which annoys me very much. Anarchism rejects hierarchy & some anarchist use intersectionality... Edit: Just to clarify: Of course non-anarchists are welcome as well, as long as they don't break rules. See the sidebar. 
  8. ^ Kimezukae. On Karl Marx. r/antiwork. 2022-01-25 [2022-01-26]. Marx kicked out anarchists from the internationale. For example Proudhon, if I remember correctly. The author says that it is red entryism. HOWEVER Marxists and other left libertarians are welcome here as well, as long as they do not break the rules, such as advocating for a violent revolution or for gulags. 
  9. ^ Kimezukae. On Marxism and Gulags. r/antiwork. 2022-01-25 [2022-01-26]. No there are huge differences, especially after the revolution. Anarchism for example is decentral and has no gulags. I'm really tired for this stuff right now, so I just link anarchy works... 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Davies, Pascale. Why is this Reddit group calling for a Black Friday boycott?. euronews. 2021-11-25 [2021-12-12] （英語）. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Vinopal, Courtney. Reddit users are taking up the cause of Kellogg's striking workers. Quartz. December 9, 2021 [2021-12-12] （英語）. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Ballentine, Claire. The Anti-Work Brigade Is Coming for Amazon on Black Friday. Bloomberg News. November 24, 2021 [2021-12-16]. 
  13. ^ Kelly, Jack. ‘Lying Flat,’ ‘Antiwork’ And The ‘Great Resignation’ Spreads Worldwide As Young People Protest Against System. Forbes. December 30, 2021 [2022-01-26] （英語）. 
  14. ^ Kiersz, Andy; Kaplan, Juliana. Inside the rise of 'antiwork,' a worker's strike that wants to turn the labor shortage into a new American Dream. Business Insider. November 25, 2021 [2021-12-12] （美國英語）. 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Rogers, Taylor Nicole. Reddit ‘antiwork’ forum booms as millions of Americans quit jobs. Financial Times. 2022-01-09 [2022-01-09]. 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Pirnay, Emma. Inside the Reddit community calling for the abolition of work. Huck Magazine（英語：Huck Magazine）. 2021-02-15 [2021-12-12] （美國英語）. 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Sato, Mia. Redditors are spamming Kellogg's job portal to support striking workers. The Verge. 2021-12-10 [2021-12-12] （英語）. 
  18. ^ Breslin, Maureen. Reddit users spam Kellogg job portal amid worker strike. TheHill. 2021-12-10 [2021-12-12] （英語）. 
  19. ^ Goldberg, Emma. Public Displays of Resignation: Saying 'I Quit' Loud and Proud. The New York Times. 2021-12-04 [2021-12-12]. ISSN 0362-4331 （美國英語）. 
  20. ^ Aratani, Lauren. Goodbye to the job: how the pandemic changed Americans' attitude to work. the Guardian. 2021-11-28 [2021-12-12] （英語）. 
  21. ^ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 McMenamin, Lexi. This Antiwork Subreddit is Watching the Great Resignation. Teen Vogue（英語：Teen Vogue）. 2021-11-09 [2021-12-14] （美國英語）. 
  22. ^ Hunt, Elle. The pandemic made me question my relationship with work – and I'm not alone. the Guardian. 2021-10-27 [2021-12-16] （英語）. 
  23. ^ Lanigan, Roisin. This subreddit will make you want to quit your job. i-D（英語：i-D）. 2021-11-03 [2021-12-16] （英語）. 
  24. ^ Flynn, Sheila. The rise of antiwork: Is there really a world without jobs?. The Independent. 2021-11-12 [2021-12-16] （英語）. 
  25. ^ Cole, Samantha. Workers Are Using 'Mouse Movers' So They Can Use the Bathroom in Peace. Vice News. December 8, 2021 [2021-12-12] （英語）. 
  26. ^ Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo. Hackers Are Spamming Businesses' Receipt Printers With 'Antiwork' Manifestos. Vice News. December 2, 2021 [2021-12-12] （英語）. 
  27. ^ Jankowicz, Mia. A TikToker said he wrote code to flood Kellogg with bogus job applications after the company announced it would permanently replace striking workers. Business Insider. December 10, 2021 [2021-12-12] （美國英語）. 
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