坎特伯雷的奧古斯丁
奧斯定（英語：St. Augustine of Canterbury，俗譯聖奧古斯丁，？—604年5月26日），本篤會神父和天主教會第一位坎特伯雷教區主教，被認為是「英格蘭宗徒」，紀念日為5月26日（聖公會、東方正教會）與5月27日（羅馬天主教會）。[1]
| 奧斯定 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 主教、精修聖人 | |
| 出生 | 公元六世紀 意大利羅馬 |
| 逝世 | 604年5月26日 英格蘭肯特郡坎特伯雷 |
| 敬禮於 | 羅馬天主教會 東方正教會 聖公會 |
| 主要朝聖地 | 聖奧斯定修道院，坎特伯里 (被毀) 聖奧古斯丁修道院, 拉姆斯蓋特 |
| 瞻禮 | 5月27日 (羅馬天主教會 5月26日 (聖公會) 5月26日 (東方正教會) 5月28日 (羅馬天主教聖人曆 1882-1969) |
生平
編輯
奧斯定原為羅馬聖安德肋修院副院長，596年奉教宗大聖額我略一世敕命率四十名傳教士往英國傳教，[2]即使面對英吉利海峽風浪險惡，奧古斯丁仍囑咐眾人不必擔憂。[3]597年，一行人到達英格蘭[2]，肯特國王艾塞爾伯特大表歡迎，親自在橡樹下傾聽聖道，並將坎特伯里的土地撥給傳教士，建造聖堂，並准許他們自由傳教。[4]
奧古斯丁在坎特伯雷建立教區，全力傳揚基督教（此指羅馬公教）。建立首間座堂，設神學院。於倫敦、羅徹斯特等地成立教區，奧古斯丁還幫助肯特君主訂立法律、興辦學校及出版書籍。他在坎特伯雷建立的聖堂，之後逐漸擴建為坎特伯里主教座堂，他建立的聖伯多祿與聖保祿修道院，則成為著名的聖奧古斯丁修道院。[5][6][5]
雖無文獻記錄，但國王可能於597年聖神降臨節接受洗禮。[7][4]不久後，奧古斯丁到法國，由阿爾勒總主教祝聖為主教。[8]奧古斯丁也派使者向教宗額我略一世述職，請示重大工作問題，並請求多派助手。[9][10]601年，一批傳教士從羅馬出發，其中著名的有聖梅利多、聖猶斯多、聖保利諾等。這批傳教士也帶了大量禮儀用品，如主教披帶、聖器、祭台布、祭衣、聖髑、經書等。教皇也向奧古斯丁頒賜敕令囑咐如何推展教務，建立基督教行政體系；異教建物不必全部拆毀，僅需改為教會敬禮場所即可；若地方習俗無牴觸教會者，應予保留；異教節日，得以殉道聖人瞻禮代之。由於奧古斯丁常顯神跡，額我略叮囑他，勿因主賜奇恩而自傲。
奧古斯丁在英傳教七年，605年5月26日逝世，葬於坎特伯里。[5]
| 系列條目 普世聖公宗 | |
 坎特伯雷座堂 | |
| 組織 | |
|---|---|
| 背景及歷史 | |
|
基督教 · 基督教教會 | |
| 神學 | |
|
三位一體（聖父、聖子、聖靈） | |
| 禮儀和崇拜 | |
| 聖公宗主題 | |
 聖公宗主題頁 | |
參考文獻
編輯- ^ CALENDARIUM ROMANUM GENERALE. [2014-05-27]. （原始內容存檔於2014-05-05）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Stenton Anglo-Saxon England pp. 105–106
- ^ Blair An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England pp. 116–117
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp. 8–9
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Mayr-Harting "Augustine [St Augustine] (d. 604) Archive.is的存檔，存檔日期2012-12-05" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Blair Church in Anglo-Saxon Society pp. 61–62
- ^ Wood "Mission of Augustine of Canterbury" Speculum p. 11
- ^ Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury p. 5
- ^ Stenton Anglo-Saxon England p. 106
- ^ Bede A History of the English Church pp. 71–83
擴展閱讀
編輯- Bede; translated by Leo Sherley-Price. A History of the English Church and People. New York: Penguin Classics. 1988. ISBN 978-0-14-044042-3.
- Blair, John P. The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-921117-3.
- Blair, John. A Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints. Thacker, Aland and Sharpe, Richard (編). Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 495–565. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-820394-0.
- Blair, Peter Hunter; Blair, Peter D. An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England Third. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-53777-3.
- Brooks, Nicholas. The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066. London: Leicester University Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-7185-0041-2.
- Colgrave, Bertram. Introduction. The Earliest Life of Gregory the Great Paperback reissue of 1968. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-978-052-131-8.
- Collins, Roger. Early Medieval Europe: 300–1000 Second. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-312-21886-7.
- Dales, Douglas. "Apostles of the English": Anglo-Saxon Perceptions. L'eredità spirituale di Gregorio Magno tra Occidente e Oriente. l Segno Gabrielli Editori. 2005. ISBN 978-88-88163-54-3.
- Delaney, John P. Dictionary of Saints Second. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 1980. ISBN 978-0-385-13594-8.
- Dodwell, C. R. Anglo-Saxon Art: A New Perspective Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8014-9300-3.
- Fletcher, R. A. The Barbarian Conversion: From Paganism to Christianity. New York: H. Holt and Co. 1998. ISBN 978-0-8050-2763-1.
- Frend, William H. C. Roman Britain, a Failed Promise. Martin Carver (編). The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe AD 300–1300. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press: 79–92. 2003. ISBN 978-1-84383-125-9.
- Gameson, Richard and Fiona. From Augustine to Parker: The Changing Face of the First Archbishop of Canterbury. Smyth, Alfred P.; Keynes, Simon (編). Anglo-Saxons: Studies Presented to Cyril Roy Hart. Dublin: Four Courts Press: 13–38. 2006. ISBN 978-1-85182-932-3.
- Hayward, Paul Anthony. St Justus. Lapidge, Michael; et al (編). Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 267–268. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Higham, N. J. The Convert Kings: Power and Religious Affiliation in Early Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-7190-4827-2.
- Hindley, Geoffrey. A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons: The Beginnings of the English Nation. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7867-1738-5.
- Kirby, D. P. The Earliest English Kings. New York: Routledge. 2000. ISBN 978-0-415-24211-0.
- Jones, Putnam Fennell. The Gregorian Mission and English Education. Speculum. July 1928, 3 (3): 335–348. JSTOR 2847433. doi:10.2307/2847433.
- Lapidge, Michael. The Anglo-Saxon Library. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-926722-4.
- Lapidge, Michael. Laurentius. Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (編). The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 279. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Lapidge, Michael. Mellitus. Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (編). Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 305–306. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Lawrence, C. H. Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. New York: Longman. 2001. ISBN 978-0-582-40427-4.
- Markus, R. A. The Chronology of the Gregorian Mission to England: Bede's Narrative and Gregory's Correspondence. Journal of Ecclesiastical History. April 1963, 14 (1): 16–30. doi:10.1017/S0022046900064356.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-271-00769-4.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. Augustine (St Augustine) (d. 604) (需要訂閱或英國公共圖書館會員資格). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004 [30 March 2008]. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/899. （原始內容存檔於2012-12-05）.
- Nelson, Janet L. Bertha (b. c.565, d. in or after 601) (需要訂閱或英國公共圖書館會員資格). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography May 2006 revised. Oxford University Press. 2004 [30 March 2008]. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2269. （原始內容存檔於2019-10-17）.
- Nilson, Ben. Cathedral Shrines of Medieval England. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0-85115-540-1.
- Schapiro, Meyer. The Decoration of the Leningrad Manuscript of Bede. Selected Papers: Volume 3: Late Antique, Early Christian and Mediaeval Art. London: Chatto & Windus: 199 and 212–214. 1980. ISBN 978-0-7011-2514-1.
- Smith, Adam. St Augustine of Canterbury in History and Tradition. Folklore. 1978, 89 (1): 23–28. JSTOR 1260091. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1978.9716085.
- Stenton, F. M. Anglo-Saxon England Third. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1971. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
- Thomson, John A. F. The Western Church in the Middle Ages. London: Arnold. 1998. ISBN 978-0-340-60118-1.
- Wood, Ian. Augustine and Aidan: Bureaucrat and Charismatic?. Dreuille, Christophe de (編). L'Église et la Mission au VIe Siècle: La Mission d'Augustin de Cantorbéry et les Églises de Gaule sous L'Impulsion de Grégoire le Grand Actes du Colloque d'Arles de 1998. Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf. 2000. ISBN 978-2-204-06412-5.
- Wood, Ian. The Mission of Augustine of Canterbury to the English. Speculum. January 1994, 69 (1): 1–17. JSTOR 2864782. doi:10.2307/2864782.
- Yorke, Barbara. The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c. 600–800. London: Pearson/Longman. 2006. ISBN 978-0-582-77292-2.
- Chaplais, P. Who introduced charters into England? The case for Augustine. Journal of the Society of Archivists. 1965–1969, 3 (10): 526–542. doi:10.1080/00379816509513917.
- Sharpe, R. The setting to St Augustine's translation, 1091. R. Eales and R. Sharpe (編). Canterbury and the Norman conquest: 1–13. 1995.
外部連結
編輯
- Augustine of Canterbury – entry at Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England project
