坎特伯雷的奧古斯丁
奥斯定（英語：St. Augustine of Canterbury，俗译聖奥古斯丁，？—604年5月26日），本篤會神父和天主教会第一位坎特伯雷教區主教，被认为是「英格兰宗徒」，纪念日為5月26日（圣公会、东方正教会）与5月27日（罗马天主教会）。[1]
| 奥斯定 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 主教、精修聖人 | |
| 出生 | 公元六世纪 意大利罗马 |
| 逝世 | 604年5月26日 英格兰肯特郡坎特伯雷 |
| 敬礼於 | 罗马天主教会 东方正教会 圣公会 |
| 主要朝聖地 | 圣奥斯定修道院，坎特伯里 (被毁) 圣奥古斯丁修道院, 拉姆斯蓋特 |
| 瞻礼 | 5月27日 (罗马天主教会 5月26日 (圣公会) 5月26日 (东方正教会) 5月28日 (罗马天主教圣人历 1882-1969) |
生平
编辑
奥斯定原為罗马圣安德肋修院副院长，596年奉教宗大圣额我略一世敕命率四十名传教士往英国传教，[2]即使面對英吉利海峡风浪险恶，奧古斯丁仍嘱咐众人不必担忧。[3]597年，一行人到達英格兰[2]，肯特国王艾塞尔伯特大表欢迎，亲自在橡树下倾听圣道，並将坎特伯里的土地拨给传教士，建造圣堂，并准许他们自由传教。[4]
奧古斯丁在坎特伯雷建立教区，全力传扬基督教（此指羅馬公教）。建立首間座堂，設神學院。於倫敦、罗彻斯特等地成立教區，奧古斯丁還幫助肯特君主訂立法律、興辦學校及出版書籍。他在坎特伯雷建立的圣堂，之后逐渐扩建为坎特伯里主教座堂，他建立的圣伯多禄与圣保禄修道院，則成为著名的圣奥古斯丁修道院。[5][6][5]
虽無文献记录，但国王可能于597年圣神降临节接受洗礼。[7][4]不久后，奧古斯丁到法国，由阿尔勒总主教祝圣为主教。[8]奧古斯丁也派使者向教宗額我略一世述職，请示重大工作问题，并请求多派助手。[9][10]601年，一批传教士从罗马出发，其中著名的有圣梅利多、圣犹斯多、圣保利诺等。这批传教士也带了大量礼仪用品，如主教披带、圣器、祭台布、祭衣、圣髑、经书等。教皇也向奧古斯丁颁赐敕令嘱咐如何推展教务，建立基督教行政体系；异教建物不必全部拆毁，僅需改为教会敬礼场所即可；若地方习俗无抵触教会者，应予保留；异教节日，得以殉道圣人瞻礼代之。由于奧古斯丁常显神迹，额我略叮嘱他，勿因主赐奇恩而自傲。
奧古斯丁在英传教七年，605年5月26日逝世，葬于坎特伯里。[5]
| 系列条目 普世聖公宗 | |
 坎特伯雷座堂 | |
| 组织 | |
|---|---|
| 背景及历史 | |
|
基督教 · 基督教教會 | |
| 神学 | |
|
三位一體（聖父、聖子、聖靈） | |
| 礼仪和崇拜 | |
| 圣公宗主题 | |
 聖公宗主題頁 | |
参考文献
编辑- ^ CALENDARIUM ROMANUM GENERALE. [2014-05-27]. （原始内容存档于2014-05-05）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Stenton Anglo-Saxon England pp. 105–106
- ^ Blair An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England pp. 116–117
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp. 8–9
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Mayr-Harting "Augustine [St Augustine] (d. 604) Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2012-12-05" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Blair Church in Anglo-Saxon Society pp. 61–62
- ^ Wood "Mission of Augustine of Canterbury" Speculum p. 11
- ^ Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury p. 5
- ^ Stenton Anglo-Saxon England p. 106
- ^ Bede A History of the English Church pp. 71–83
扩展阅读
编辑- Bede; translated by Leo Sherley-Price. A History of the English Church and People. New York: Penguin Classics. 1988. ISBN 978-0-14-044042-3.
- Blair, John P. The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-19-921117-3.
- Blair, John. A Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints. Thacker, Aland and Sharpe, Richard (编). Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 495–565. 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-820394-0.
- Blair, Peter Hunter; Blair, Peter D. An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England Third. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-53777-3.
- Brooks, Nicholas. The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066. London: Leicester University Press. 1984. ISBN 978-0-7185-0041-2.
- Colgrave, Bertram. Introduction. The Earliest Life of Gregory the Great Paperback reissue of 1968. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-978-052-131-8.
- Collins, Roger. Early Medieval Europe: 300–1000 Second. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-312-21886-7.
- Dales, Douglas. "Apostles of the English": Anglo-Saxon Perceptions. L'eredità spirituale di Gregorio Magno tra Occidente e Oriente. l Segno Gabrielli Editori. 2005. ISBN 978-88-88163-54-3.
- Delaney, John P. Dictionary of Saints Second. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. 1980. ISBN 978-0-385-13594-8.
- Dodwell, C. R. Anglo-Saxon Art: A New Perspective Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8014-9300-3.
- Fletcher, R. A. The Barbarian Conversion: From Paganism to Christianity. New York: H. Holt and Co. 1998. ISBN 978-0-8050-2763-1.
- Frend, William H. C. Roman Britain, a Failed Promise. Martin Carver (编). The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe AD 300–1300. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press: 79–92. 2003. ISBN 978-1-84383-125-9.
- Gameson, Richard and Fiona. From Augustine to Parker: The Changing Face of the First Archbishop of Canterbury. Smyth, Alfred P.; Keynes, Simon (编). Anglo-Saxons: Studies Presented to Cyril Roy Hart. Dublin: Four Courts Press: 13–38. 2006. ISBN 978-1-85182-932-3.
- Hayward, Paul Anthony. St Justus. Lapidge, Michael; et al (编). Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 267–268. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Higham, N. J. The Convert Kings: Power and Religious Affiliation in Early Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. 1997. ISBN 978-0-7190-4827-2.
- Hindley, Geoffrey. A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons: The Beginnings of the English Nation. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. 2006. ISBN 978-0-7867-1738-5.
- Kirby, D. P. The Earliest English Kings. New York: Routledge. 2000. ISBN 978-0-415-24211-0.
- Jones, Putnam Fennell. The Gregorian Mission and English Education. Speculum. July 1928, 3 (3): 335–348. JSTOR 2847433. doi:10.2307/2847433.
- Lapidge, Michael. The Anglo-Saxon Library. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2006. ISBN 978-0-19-926722-4.
- Lapidge, Michael. Laurentius. Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (编). The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 279. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Lapidge, Michael. Mellitus. Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (编). Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing: 305–306. 2001. ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1.
- Lawrence, C. H. Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. New York: Longman. 2001. ISBN 978-0-582-40427-4.
- Markus, R. A. The Chronology of the Gregorian Mission to England: Bede's Narrative and Gregory's Correspondence. Journal of Ecclesiastical History. April 1963, 14 (1): 16–30. doi:10.1017/S0022046900064356.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. 1991. ISBN 978-0-271-00769-4.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. Augustine (St Augustine) (d. 604) (需要订阅或英国公共图书馆会员资格). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004 [30 March 2008]. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/899. （原始内容存档于2012-12-05）.
- Nelson, Janet L. Bertha (b. c.565, d. in or after 601) (需要订阅或英国公共图书馆会员资格). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography May 2006 revised. Oxford University Press. 2004 [30 March 2008]. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2269. （原始内容存档于2019-10-17）.
- Nilson, Ben. Cathedral Shrines of Medieval England. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0-85115-540-1.
- Schapiro, Meyer. The Decoration of the Leningrad Manuscript of Bede. Selected Papers: Volume 3: Late Antique, Early Christian and Mediaeval Art. London: Chatto & Windus: 199 and 212–214. 1980. ISBN 978-0-7011-2514-1.
- Smith, Adam. St Augustine of Canterbury in History and Tradition. Folklore. 1978, 89 (1): 23–28. JSTOR 1260091. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1978.9716085.
- Stenton, F. M. Anglo-Saxon England Third. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 1971. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
- Thomson, John A. F. The Western Church in the Middle Ages. London: Arnold. 1998. ISBN 978-0-340-60118-1.
- Wood, Ian. Augustine and Aidan: Bureaucrat and Charismatic?. Dreuille, Christophe de (编). L'Église et la Mission au VIe Siècle: La Mission d'Augustin de Cantorbéry et les Églises de Gaule sous L'Impulsion de Grégoire le Grand Actes du Colloque d'Arles de 1998. Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf. 2000. ISBN 978-2-204-06412-5.
- Wood, Ian. The Mission of Augustine of Canterbury to the English. Speculum. January 1994, 69 (1): 1–17. JSTOR 2864782. doi:10.2307/2864782.
- Yorke, Barbara. The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c. 600–800. London: Pearson/Longman. 2006. ISBN 978-0-582-77292-2.
- Chaplais, P. Who introduced charters into England? The case for Augustine. Journal of the Society of Archivists. 1965–1969, 3 (10): 526–542. doi:10.1080/00379816509513917.
- Sharpe, R. The setting to St Augustine's translation, 1091. R. Eales and R. Sharpe (编). Canterbury and the Norman conquest: 1–13. 1995.
外部链接
编辑
- Augustine of Canterbury – entry at Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England project
