乳桿菌屬
乳杆菌科的一属细菌
乳桿菌屬[1]（學名：Lactobacillus）或乳酸桿菌屬[2]、乳酸菌屬[3]，簡稱乳桿菌、乳酸桿菌、乳酸菌，是乳桿菌目乳桿菌科的一屬，為不形成芽孢、兼性厭氧的革蘭氏陽性桿菌。因在乳酪形成的發酵過程中發現而得名。
乳桿菌屬
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| 圍繞在陰道單層扁平上皮細胞周圍的乳桿菌 | |
科學分類 
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| 域： | 細菌域 Bacteria |
| 門： | 芽孢桿菌門 Bacillota |
| 綱： | 芽孢桿菌綱 Bacilli |
| 目： | 乳桿菌目 Lactobacillales |
| 科： | 乳桿菌科 Lactobacillaceae |
| 屬： | 乳桿菌屬 Lactobacillus Beijerinck, 1901 |
| 種 | |
乳桿菌可發酵碳水化合物，如分解乳糖，並產生大量乳酸與能量。由於乳桿菌在代謝過程中可以產生有機酸、細菌素、過氧化氫、雙乙酞等多種天然抑菌物質，因此是人類口腔、腸道和陰道的益生菌。乳桿菌具有維持體內菌群平衡，降低膽固醇水平，提高機體免疫力，促進營養物質吸收等多種功能[4]。
在人體腸道微生物群中，乳桿菌是重要菌群之一，它與腸道微生態系統的調節和代謝、免疫的調控密切相關[5]。在人體陰道微生物群中，以產過氧化氫的乳桿菌為優勢菌，在維持陰道微生態平衡方面發揮重要作用[6]。
乳桿菌可用於製造液態乳酪、固態奶酪、德國酸菜、啤酒、葡萄酒、泡菜、醃漬食品和其他發酵食品。益生菌能夠幫助消化，有助人體腸臟的健康，因此乳酪被視為健康食品。
物種
編輯本屬包括以下物種：[7]
- 耐酸乳桿菌 Lactobacillus acetotolerans Entani et al., 1986
- Lactobacillus acidifarinae Vancanneyt et al., 2005
- Lactobacillus acidipiscis Tanasupawat et al., 2000
- 嗜酸乳桿菌 Lactobacillus acidophilus (Moro, 1900) Hansen & Mocquot, 1970，嗜酸桿菌
- 嗜酸產氣乳桿菌 Lactobacillus acidophil-aerogenes ，嗜酸產氣桿菌，嗜酸產氣乳桿菌
- 嗜酸病原乳桿菌 Lactobacillus acidophilus-pathogenes
- 敏捷乳桿菌 Lactobacillus agilis Weiss et al., 1982
- 嗜醇乳桿菌 Lactobacillus alcoholphilus
- Lactobacillus algidus Kato et al., 2000
- Lactobacillus alimentarius
- Lactobacillus amylolyticus Bohak et al., 1999
- Lactobacillus amylophilus Nakamura & Crowell, 1981
- Lactobacillus amylovorus Nakamura, 1981
- Lactobacillus animalis Dent & Williams, 1983
- Lactobacillus antri Roos et al., 2005
- Lactobacillus apinorum Olofsson et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus apis Killer et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus apodemi Osawa et al., 2006
- Lactobacillus aquaticus Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009
- Lactobacillus agrestimuris Afrizal et al. 2023[8]
- 禽乳桿菌 Lactobacillus aviarius Fujisawa et al., 1985，鳥乳桿菌[9]
- Lactobacillus backii Tohno et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus bifermentans (ex Pette and van Beynum 1943) Kandler et al. 1983[10]
- Lactobacillus bombi Killer et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus bombicola Praet et al., 2015
- Lactobacillus brantae Volokhov et al., 2012
- 短乳桿菌 Lactobacillus brevis (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1934
- Lactobacillus buchneri (Henneberg, 1903) Bergey et al., 1923
- Lactobacillus cacaonum De Bruyne et al., 2009
- Lactobacillus camelliae Tanasupawat et al., 2007
- Lactobacillus capillatus Chao et al., 2008
- 乾酪乳桿菌 Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen, 1916) Hansen & Lessel, 1971
- Lactobacillus caviae Killer et al., 2017
- Lactobacillus cerevisiae Koob et al., 2017
- Lactobacillus ceti Monteros, Goyache, Herraez, Tames, Cruz, Dominguez & Fernandez-Garayzabal, 2008
- Lactobacillus ceti Vela et al., 2008
- Lactobacillus coleohominis Nikolaitchouk et al., 2001
- Lactobacillus colini Zhang et al., 2017
- Lactobacillus collinoides Carr & Davies, 1972
- Lactobacillus composti Endo & Okada, 2007
- Lactobacillus concavus Tong & Dong, 2005
- Lactobacillus corticis Tohno et al. 2021[11]
- Lactobacillus coryniformis Abo-Elnaga & Kandler, 1965
- Lactobacillus crispatus (Brygoo & Aladame, 1953) Moore & Holdeman, 1970
- Lactobacillus crustorum Scheirlinck et al., 2007
- Lactobacillus curieae Lei et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus curvatus (Troili-Petersson, 1903) Abo-Elnaga & Kandler, 1965
- 德氏乳桿菌 Lactobacillus delbrueckii (Leichmann 1896) Beijerinck 1901
- 德氏乳桿菌保加利亞亞種 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus，保加利亞乳桿菌
- 德氏乳桿菌指名亞種 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii
- Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis
- 糊精乳桿菌 Lactobacillus dextrinicus (Coster & White, 1964) Haakensen et al., 2009
- Lactobacillus diolivorans Krooneman et al., 2002
- Lactobacillus equi Morotomi et al., 2002
- Lactobacillus equicursoris Morita et al., 2010
- Lactobacillus equigenerosi Endo et al., 2008
- Lactobacillus fabifermentans De Bruyne et al., 2009
- Lactobacillus faecis Endo et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus farciminis (ex Reuter 1970) Reuter 1983[12]，為Companilactobacillus farciminis (Reuter 1983 ex Reuter 1970) Zheng et al. 2020的異名
- Lactobacillus farraginis Endo & Okada, 2007
- 發酵乳桿菌 Lactobacillus fermentum Beijerinck, 1901
- Lactobacillus floricola Kawasaki et al., 2011
- Lactobacillus florum Endo et al., 2010
- Lactobacillus formosensis Chang et al., 2015
- Lactobacillus fornicalis Dicks et al., 2000
- Lactobacillus fructivorans Charlton et al., 1934
- Lactobacillus frumenti Müller et al., 2000
- Lactobacillus fuchuensis Sakala et al., 2002
- Lactobacillus furfuricola Irisawa et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus futsaii Chao et al., 2012
- Lactobacillus gallinarum Fujisawa et al., 1992
- 加氏乳桿菌 Lactobacillus gasseri Lauer & Kandler, 1980
- Lactobacillus gastricus Roos et al., 2005
- 加納乳桿菌 Lactobacillus ghanensis Nielsen et al., 2007
- Lactobacillus gigeriorum Cousin et al., 2012
- Lactobacillus gorillae Tsuchida et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus graminis Beck et al., 1989
- Lactobacillus hammesii Valcheva et al., 2005
- Lactobacillus hamsteri Mitsuoka & Fujisawa, 1988
- 哈爾濱乳桿菌 Lactobacillus harbinensis Miyamoto et al., 2006
- Lactobacillus hayakitensis Morita et al., 2007
- 黑龍江乳桿菌 Lactobacillus heilongjiangensis Gu et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus helsingborgensis Olofsson et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus helveticus (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1925
- Lactobacillus herbarum Mao et al., 2015
- Lactobacillus hilgardii Douglas & Cruess, 1936
- Lactobacillus hokkaidonensis Tohno et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus hominis Cousin et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus hordei Rouse et al., 2008
- 惰性乳桿菌 Lactobacillus iners Falsen et al., 1999
- Lactobacillus ingluviei Baele et al., 2003
- Lactobacillus insicii Ehrmann et al., 2016
- Lactobacillus intestinalis (ex Hemme 1974) Fujisawa et al. 1990[13]
- Lactobacillus isalae Eilers et al. 2023[14]
- Lactobacillus iwatensis Tohno et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus ixorae Techo et al., 2016
- Lactobacillus jensenii Gasser et al., 1970
- 約翰遜乳桿菌 Lactobacillus johnsonii Fujisawa et al., 1992
- Lactobacillus kalixensis Roos et al., 2005
- Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens Fujisawa et al., 1988
- Lactobacillus kefiri Kandler & Kunath, 1983
- Lactobacillus kimbladii
- Lactobacillus kimchicus Liang et al., 2011
- Lactobacillus kimchiensis Kim et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus kisonensis Watanabe et al., 2009
- Lactobacillus kitasatonis Mukai et al., 2003
- 朝鮮乳桿菌 Lactobacillus koreensis Bui et al., 2011
- Lactobacillus kullabergensis Olofsson et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus kunkeei Edwards et al., 1998
- Lactobacillus lindneri
- Lactobacillus malefermentans
- Lactobacillus mali Carr & Davies, 1970
- Lactobacillus manihotivorans Morlon-Guyot et al., 1998
- Lactobacillus mellifer Olofsson et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus mellis Olofsson et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus melliventris Olofsson et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus mindensis Ehrmann et al., 2003
- Lactobacillus mixtipabuli Tohno et al., 2015
- Lactobacillus modestisalitolerans Miyashita et al., 2015
- Lactobacillus mucosae Roos et al., 2000
- 牡丹江乳桿菌 Lactobacillus mudanjiangensis Gu et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus mulieris Rocha et al. 2020[15]
- Lactobacillus murinus Hemme et al., 1982
- Lactobacillus nagelii Edwards et al., 2000
- Lactobacillus namurensis Scheirlinck et al., 2007
- Lactobacillus nantensis Valcheva et al., 2006
- Lactobacillus nasalidis Suzuki-Hashido et al. 2021[16]
- Lactobacillus nasuensis Cai et al., 2012
- 嫩江乳桿菌 Lactobacillus nenjiangensis Gu et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus nodensis Kashiwagi et al., 2009
- Lactobacillus odoratitofui Chao et al., 2010
- Lactobacillus oeni Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009
- Lactobacillus oligofermentans Koort et al., 2005
- Lactobacillus oris Farrow & Collins, 1988
- Lactobacillus oryzae Tohno et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus otakiensis Watanabe et al., 2009
- Lactobacillus ozensis Kawasaki et al., 2011
- Lactobacillus panis Wiese et al., 1996
- Lactobacillus panisapium Wang et al. 2018[17]
- Lactobacillus pantheris Liu & Dong, 2002
- Lactobacillus parabrevis Vancanneyt et al., 2006
- Lactobacillus parabuchneri Farrow et al., 1989
- 副乾酪乳桿菌 Lactobacillus paracasei Collins et al., 1989
- Lactobacillus paracollinoides Suzuki et al., 2004
- Lactobacillus parafarraginis Endo & Okada, 2007
- Lactobacillus paragasseri Tanizawa et al. 2018[18]
- Lactobacillus parakefiri Takizawa et al., 1994
- Lactobacillus paralimentarius Cai et al., 1999
- Lactobacillus paraplantarum Curk et al., 1996
- Lactobacillus pasteurii Cousin et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus paucivorans Ehrmann et al., 2010
- Lactobacillus pentosiphilus Tohno et al., 2017
- Lactobacillus pentosus
- Lactobacillus perolens Back et al., 2000
- Lactobacillus plajomi Miyashita et al., 2015
- 植物乳桿菌 Lactobacillus plantarum (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Bergey et al., 1923
- Lactobacillus pobuzihii Chen et al., 2010
- Lactobacillus pontis Vogel et al., 1994
- Lactobacillus porci
- Lactobacillus porcinae Nguyen et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus psittaci Lawson et al., 2001
- Lactobacillus rapi Watanabe et al., 2009
- Lactobacillus rennini Chenoll et al., 2006
- Lactobacillus reuteri Kandler et al., 1982
- 鼠李糖乳桿菌 Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Hansen, 1968) Collins et al., 1989
- Lactobacillus rodentium Killer et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus rogosae Holdeman & Moore, 1974
- Lactobacillus rossiae Corsetti et al., 2005
- Lactobacillus ruminis Sharpe et al., 1973
- Lactobacillus saerimneri Pedersen & Roos, 2004
- Lactobacillus sakei Katagiri et al., 1934
- 唾液乳桿菌 Lactobacillus salivarius Rogosa et al., 1953
- 三藩市乳桿菌 Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis (ex Kline and Sugihara 1971) Weiss and Schillinger 1984
- Lactobacillus saniviri Oki et al., 2012
- Lactobacillus satsumensis Endo & Okada, 2005
- Lactobacillus secaliphilus Ehrmann et al., 2007
- Lactobacillus selangorensis (Leisner et al., 2000) Haakensen et al., 2011
- Lactobacillus senioris Oki et al., 2012
- Lactobacillus senmaizukei Hiraga et al., 2008
- Lactobacillus sharpeae Weiss et al., 1982
- 深圳乳桿菌 Lactobacillus shenzhenensis Zou et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus sicerae Puertas et al., 2014
- Lactobacillus silagei Tohno et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus silagincola Tohno et al., 2017
- Lactobacillus siliginis Aslam et al., 2006
- 相似乳桿菌 Lactobacillus similis Kitahara et al., 2010
- 松花江乳桿菌 Lactobacillus songhuajiangensis Gu et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus spicheri Meroth et al., 2004
- Lactobacillus suantsaicola Lin et al., 2020
- Lactobacillus sucicola Irisawa & Okada, 2009
- Lactobacillus suebicus Kleynmans et al., 1989
- Lactobacillus sunkii Watanabe et al., 2009
- 台灣乳桿菌 Lactobacillus taiwanensis Wang et al., 2009
- 泰國乳桿菌 Lactobacillus thailandensis Tanasupawat et al., 2007
- Lactobacillus tucceti Chenoll et al., 2009
- Lactobacillus ultunensis Roos et al., 2005
- Lactobacillus uvarum Mañes-Lázaro et al., 2009
- Lactobacillus vaccinostercus Kozaki & Okada, 1983
- Lactobacillus vaginalis Embley et al., 1989
- Lactobacillus versmoldensis Kröckel et al., 2003
- Lactobacillus vespulae Hoang et al., 2015
- Lactobacillus vini Rodas et al., 2006
- Lactobacillus wasatchensis Oberg et al., 2016
- 襄樊乳桿菌 Lactobacillus xiangfangensis Gu et al., 2012
- 徐建國氏乳桿菌 Lactobacillus xujianguonis
- Lactobacillus yonginensis Yi et al., 2013
- Lactobacillus zeae
- Lactobacillus zymae Vancanneyt et al., 2005
參見
編輯參考資料
編輯- ^ 乳杆菌. 術語在線. 全國科學技術名詞審定委員會. （簡體中文）
- ^ 乳酸桿菌屬. 樂詞網. 國家教育研究院. （繁體中文）
- ^ 農業部林業及自然保育署. 臺灣物種名錄 https://taicol.tw/zh-hant/taxon/t0088229. 缺少或
|title=為空 (幫助) - ^ 植物乳杆菌及其应用研究. 食品與生物技術學報.
- ^ 王海霞, 邢會霞, 馬曉紅, 等. 人體腸道乳桿菌的最新研究進展[J]. 中國微生態學雜誌, 2017, 29(8).
- ^ 劉胡林, 徐興然, 凌開建, 等. 陰道微生物組：種群特徵與疾病干預治療. 生物工程學報, 2021, 37(11): 3801-3811
- ^ Lactobacillus Beijerinck, 1901. GBIF. [2022-06-09]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-09）. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- ^ Afrizal A, Jennings SAV, Hitch TCA, Riedel T, Basic M, Panyot A, Treichel N, Hager FT, Wong EO, Wolter B, et al. Enhanced cultured diversity of the mouse gut microbiota enables custom-made synthetic communities. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1630-1645.
- ^ Fujisawa T, et al. Lactobacillus aviarius sp.nov.: a new species isolated from the intestines of chickens. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 5: 414-420, 1984.
- ^ Kandler O, Schillinger U, Weiss N. Lactobacillus bifermentans sp. nov., nom. rev., an Organism Forming CO(2) and H(2) from Lactic Acid. Syst Appl Microbiol 1983; 4:408-412.
- ^ Tohno M, Tanizawa Y, Kojima Y, Sakamoto M, Ohkuma M, Kobayashi H. Lactobacillus corticis sp. nov., isolated from hardwood bark. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4882.
- ^ Reuter G. Lactobacillus alimentarius sp. nov., nom rev. and Lactobacillus farciminis sp. nov., nom. rev. Syst Appl Microbiol 1983; 4:277-279.
- ^ Fujisawa T, Itoh K, Benno Y, Mitsuoka T. Lactobacillus intestinalis (ex Hemme 1974) sp. nov., nom. rev., isolated from the intestines of mice and rats. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1990; 40:302-304.
- ^ Eilers T, Dillen J, Ahannach S, Vander Donck L, Van de Vliet N, Wittouck S, Lebeer S. Lactobacillus isalae sp. nov., isolated from the female reproductive tract. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:6038.
- ^ Rocha J, Botelho J, Ksiezarek M, Perovic SU, Machado M, Carrico JA, Pimentel LL, Salsinha S, Rodriguez-Alcala LM, Pintado M, et al. Lactobacillus mulieris sp. nov., a new species of Lactobacillus delbrueckii group. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:1522-1527.
- ^ Suzuki-Hashido N, Tsuchida S, Hayakawa T, Sakamoto M, Azumano A, Seino S, Matsuda I, Ohkuma M, Ushida K. Lactobacillus nasalidis sp. nov., isolated from the forestomach of a captive proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71:4787.
- ^ Wang C, Huang Y, Li L, Guo J, Wu Z, Deng Y, Dai L, Ma S. Lactobacillus panisapium sp. nov., from honeybee Apis cerana bee bread. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:703-708.
- ^ Tanizawa Y, Tada I, Kobayashi H, Endo A, Maeno S, Toyoda A, Arita M, Nakamura Y, Sakamoto M, Ohkuma M, et al. Lactobacillus paragasseri sp. nov., a sister taxon of Lactobacillus gasseri, based on whole-genome sequence analyses. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3512-3517.
外部連結
編輯- Prakash, S. et al. 「The Gut Microbiota and Human Health with an Emphasis on the Use of Microencapsulated Bacterial Cells」, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology (2011),（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
維基物種上的相關資訊：乳桿菌屬- List of species of the genus Lactobacillus
- Interna （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- tionally certified patented strains （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
