草稿:拥有海外军事基地的国家列表

A photograph of the Camp Humphreys military base in South Korea on the other side of a river, showing six buildings of seven-storey dorm barracks on the left, and shorter wider buildings under construction on the right. Five cranes complete the skyline with a forested mountain range in the distance.
汉弗莱斯营是美国人口最多的海外军事基地,军人和平民人口总计40,000人
An aerial view of Pituffik Space Base in Greenland, taken in the 1980s when it was named Thule Air Base, showing a large runway and surrounding track, and a coastal town of one-storey buildings, with two ships backgrounded by sea ice.
皮图菲克太空基地是美国占地最大的海外军事基地,面积为66,000公顷[1]

这是一个拥有海外军事基地的国家列表。主权国家在海外建立军事基地,能够扩大一个国家的武力投射(例如进行远征作战),从而影响海外事件。根据海外基地的规模和基础设施,它们可以用作集结点英语staging area,或者用于后勤、通讯和情报支援。现代历史上的许多冲突,导致世界大国建立不少的海外军事基地,以帮助有关国家实现政治和军事目标。

一战二战期间,英国与其他殖民强国在许多殖民地建立海外军事基地,并且基于战略原因,积极寻求对所需设施的使用权,过去在海外建立煤炭补给站英语Coaling station,对海军舰艇而言非常重要。冷战期间,美国苏联在各自势力范围内,尽可能的建立军事基地,并在有关地区积极寻求影响力。最近期间,反恐战争导致在中东地区建立海外军事基地。

虽然自1945年以来,海外军事基地的总数有所减少,但是美国、土耳其、英国、俄罗斯法国仍然拥有或使用大量海外军事基地;中国伊朗印度意大利日本沙特阿拉伯新加坡阿联酋则运营着少量的海外军事基地。

美国是最大的海外军事基地运营者,截至2014年9月30日,拥有38个“已命名的基地”[注 1],其中有现役、国民警卫队、预备役或文职人员。规模最大的是位于德国拉姆施泰恩空军基地,拥有近9,200名人员。[2][注 2]

 澳大利亚

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国家 地点 简述
  马来西亚 北海空军基地 北海空军基地是五国防御协议的总部,澳大利亚承诺派遣空军参与作战部署。[3] 此外,澳大利亚陆军北海保留一支步兵指定连(北海步枪连英语Rifle Company Butterworth)用于训练目的。
  阿联酋 明哈德空军基地英语Al Minhad Air Base 用于澳大利亚在中东地区的派遣行动。

 孟加拉国

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国家 地点 简述
  科威特 1991年海湾战争结束之后,根据两国的双边协议,孟加拉国军事特遣队(BMC)一直驻扎在科威特,协助科威特军队进行后勤和其他工作。[4][5][6][7]

 中华人民共和国

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国家 地点 简述
  古巴 贝胡卡尔 美国情报官员透露一份秘密交易,古巴允许中国情报机构在哈瓦那以南的贝胡卡尔设立监听站英语Listening station,监听美国东南部地区的船舶交通和电子通信,该地区设有美国南方司令部和其他军事设施。[8][9][10]
  柬埔寨 西哈努克省 美国情报官员透露一份秘密协议,柬埔寨允许中国人民解放军海军使用云壤海军基地,为中华人民共和国在南海提供一个南部侧翼。[11][12][13]
  吉布提 吉布提市 中华人民共和国为在非洲西亚参与护航、维和、人道主义救援等任务,选择在吉布提建设中国人民解放军驻吉布提保障基地[14]
  塔吉克斯坦 山地巴达赫尚自治州 中塔两国签署安全协议,建设秘密基地以应对塔利班统治阿富汗,并扩大在中亚地区的军事影响力。[15][16]

 法国

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国家 地点 简述
  乍得 恩贾梅纳 法国空军于1939年建立拉密堡172军用机场法语Base aérienne 172 Fort-Lamy,直到1975年弃用;1986年作为雀鹰行动法语Opération Épervier (Tchad)的部分,法国重新占领机场并常驻空军分队。
  科特迪瓦 阿比让 法国驻科特迪瓦部队法语Forces françaises en Côte d'Ivoire于2015年1月1日成立,是法军驻在科特迪瓦的一支预先部署部队,非洲的两个前沿作战基地之一,延续法国与科特迪瓦英语France–Ivory Coast relations于2012年签署防务伙伴关系协议,确立两国之间长期的密切合作关系。[17][18]
  吉布提 吉布提市 法军驻吉布提部队法语Forces françaises à Djibouti是法军驻外人数最多的特遣队,自1977年6月吉布提获得独立后,作为法国与吉布提签订的临时防务协议驻扎在吉布提市,新协议于2014年起生效。[17][18]
  加蓬 利伯维尔 法国驻加蓬部队法语Éléments français au Gabon自1960年加蓬独立后,根据1960年和2011年签署的防务协议,法军在加蓬部署武装部队。[17][18]
  德国 米尔海姆布赖萨赫法斯贝格 法军于二战结束后驻扎在法国占领区法语Zone d'occupation française en Allemagne,1945年至1949年称为驻德占领军(TOA)、1949年至1993年称为驻德法军(FFA)、1993年至1999年称为法国驻德部队(FFSA),1999年以后称为法国驻德军队和民事部队(FFECSA)。
  伊拉克 巴格达 法国发起夏马风行动协助伊拉克政府打击伊斯兰国据点。
  约旦 哈桑王子空军基地英语Prince Hassan Air Base 作为夏马风行动的部分。
  塞内加尔 达喀尔 法国驻塞内加尔部队法语Éléments français au Sénégal于2011年8月1日成立,以取代法国驻佛得角部队,构成一个“具有区域使命的行动合作中心”。[17][18]
  阿联酋 阿布扎比 法国与阿联酋于1995年1月签订防御协议,2007年7月法国应阿联酋的请求,在该国发展永久军事设施,成立法国驻阿联酋部队法语Forces françaises aux Émirats arabes unis[17][18]

 德国

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国家 地点 简述
  法国 伊尔基什-格拉芬什塔登 欧洲军团下辖德法混合旅第291猎兵营驻扎在法国领土。
  立陶宛 鲁德宁凯立陶宛语Rūdninkai 德军正在维尔纽斯西南靠近白罗斯边境建设训练区英语Rūdninkai Training Area,从2025年起将驻扎第45装甲旅。

 希腊

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国家 地点 简述
  塞浦路斯 尼科西亚 希腊驻塞浦路斯部队英语Hellenic Force in Cyprus希腊陆军的营级单位,其职责是协助塞浦路斯国民警卫队[19]

 印度

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国家 地点 简述
  不丹 哈阿宗廷布宗 印度军事训练队英语Indian Military Training Team永久驻扎在哈阿英语Haa, Bhutan,负责训练不丹王军不丹皇家卫队英语Royal Bodyguard of Bhutan印度陆军也在首都廷布驻扎一支支队。[20]
  马达加斯加 印度在马达加斯加北部建设监听站和雷达设施,抵御中国在印度洋区域的军事行动。[21][22]
  毛里求斯 阿加莱加群岛 印度资助建设3,000米长的机场及其相关设施,以安置部队监视印度洋西南部区域。[23]
  阿曼 哈德角英语Ras al Hadd马斯喀特 印度海军的监听站和停泊权。[24]
  塞舌尔 马埃岛阿方斯群岛法夸尔环礁阿斯托夫岛阿桑普申岛 印度政府资助建设六座海岸监视雷达系统英语Integrated Coastal Surveillance System,与印度的监视系统相连。[25][26][27][28]
  塔吉克斯坦 法尔霍尔空军基地英语Farkhor Air Base艾尼空军基地英语Ayni Air Base 印度空军特遣队占据巴基斯坦防线后方的优势位置。[29][30][31]

 伊朗

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国家 地点 简述
  伊拉克 安巴尔萨拉赫丁 军事设施和受援民兵训练基地。
  黎巴嫩 贝卡贝鲁特 军事训练和若干军事设施。[32]
  叙利亚 基斯沃阿布凯马勒 永久性军事基地,[33] 以及若干军事设施。[34]
  塔吉克斯坦 军事设施及军用无人机工厂。[35]

 以色列

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国家 地点 简述
  叙利亚 以色列国防军北方司令部戈兰高地以色列占领区英语Israeli occupation of the Golan Heights建设若干军事基地。[36]

 意大利

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国家 地点 简述
  吉布提 吉布提市 为保护国民而建设的军事支援基地。[37]
  尼日尔 尼亚美 为保护国民而建设的军事支援基地。[38]

 日本

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国家 地点 简述
  吉布提 安布利英语Ambouli 日本政府为应对索马里海盗建设的日本自卫队驻吉布提据点[39]

 巴基斯坦

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国家 地点 简述
  沙特阿拉伯 塔布克 根据1982年的两国外交协议,巴基斯坦派驻军事人员和基地,为沙特提供培训和咨询角色。[40][41][42][43]

 俄罗斯

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国家 地点 简述
  亚美尼亚 久姆里 俄罗斯建设第102军事基地英语Russian 102nd Military Base第3624空军基地英语Erebuni Airport
  白俄罗斯 巴拉诺维奇维列伊卡 俄罗斯建设汉萨维奇雷达站英语Hantsavichy Radar Station维列伊卡海军通信中心英语Vileyka VLF transmitter和巴拉诺维奇空军与防空联合训练中心。
  布基纳法索 俄罗斯在非洲派驻军队。[44]
  中非 俄罗斯在非洲派驻军队。[45][46]
  格鲁吉亚 俄罗斯在位于南奥塞梯阿布哈兹争议地区,建设第四军事基地英语4th Guards Military Base第七军事基地英语7th Military Base
  哈萨克斯坦 萨雷·沙甘基地范围、拜科努尔航天发射场 俄罗斯在哈萨克斯坦境内建设反弹道导弹试验场,以及租借的民用设施。
  吉尔吉斯斯坦 康德空军基地英语Kant Air Base 俄罗斯建设第338海军通信中心、第954鱼雷试验场和一个地震台站。
  利比亚 图卜鲁格班加西 利比亚内战期间部署的俄罗斯军队。[来源请求]
  马里 俄罗斯在非洲派驻军队。[47]
  摩尔多瓦 科巴斯纳英语Cobasna 俄罗斯在德涅斯特河沿岸留有一支作战集群,防守科巴斯纳弹药库英语Cobasna ammunition depot[48]
  尼日尔 俄罗斯在非洲派驻军队。
  叙利亚 塔尔图斯海军基地英语Russian naval facility in Tartus赫梅米姆空军基地沙伊拉特空军基地 俄罗斯在中东派驻军队。[49]
  塔吉克斯坦 杜尚别 俄罗斯建设第201军事基地英语Russian 201st Military Base
  乌克兰 塞瓦斯托波尔海军基地[50] 俄罗斯在乌克兰被占领土的军事设施。[51]

 沙特阿拉伯

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国家 地点 简述
  巴林 2011年沙特武装干涉巴林英语Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain以来,作为海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会军事部门——半岛盾牌部队英语Peninsula Shield Force的一部分,沙特阿拉伯军队派出1,000至1,200名士兵,[52] 以及150辆车辆,一直驻扎在巴林。沙特士兵显然来自沙特阿拉伯国民警卫队英语Saudi Arabian National Guard,由阿卜杜拉国王之子穆塔布英语Prince Miteb指挥。[53]
  吉布提 沙特阿拉伯在吉布提境内建设军事基地。[54][55][56]
  也门 迈赫拉哈德拉毛马里卜阿比扬荷台达塔伊兹 沙特阿拉伯在也门境内建设若干军事设施。[来源请求]

 新加坡

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国家 地点 简述
  文莱 惹兰阿曼营英语Military forces based in Brunei 新加坡在文莱设立的训练基地。
  中华民国 恒春斗六湖口台中机场 星光部队长期驻留在台湾本岛进行军事训练。[57]
  泰国 北碧府 新加坡武装部队长期驻留在泰国的训练部队。[58]

 土耳其

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国家 地点 简述
  阿尔巴尼亚 Pasha Liman Base英语Pasha Liman Base 24 troops and 2 frigates.[59] An Albanian-Turkish military cooperation agreement was signed in 1992 that encompassed rebuilding Albania's Pasha Liman Base by Turkey alongside granted access for Turkish use.[60]
  阿塞拜疆 Nasosnaya Air Base英语Nasosnaya Air Base, Gizil Sherg, Joint Russian-Turkish Monitoring Centre英语Joint Russian-Turkish Monitoring Centre Buildings and structures in Gizil Sherg military town, and one terminal building located in the airfield in Hacı Zeynalabdin英语Hacı Zeynalabdin settlement called Nasosnaya Air Base.[61] An observation base was also built by Turkey in the Nagorno-Karabakh region after the 44-day 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. The base was established under the name "Ceasefire Observation Center", and officially started to operate in January 2021 with 60 Turkish and Russian soldiers stationed at the base.[62]
  波黑 Fatih Sultan Mehmet Barracks英语Fatih Sultan Mehmet Barracks Under EUROFOR英语European Rapid Operational Force Operation Althea英语Operation Althea 242 troops, previously under Implementation Force英语Implementation Force and Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina英语Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina stationed at Mehmet The Conqueror Barracks英语Fatih Sultan Mehmet Barracks.[63][64]
  伊拉克 Disputed territories of northern Iraq英语Disputed territories of northern Iraq: Bashiqa英语Bashiqa and Bamarni Air Base英语Bamarni Air Base Turkey has signed agreement with Iraq which includes allowing the Turkish army to pursue elements of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in northern Iraq, with the permission of, and in coordination with the Federal Government of Iraq. It also includes opening two liaison offices between Baghdad and Ankara to exchange intelligence and security information between the two countries.[65][66] As of 2020, Turkey has a military base with 2,000 personnel garrisoned with around 60 tanks, Armoured personnel carriers and one commando battalion.[67][68] Turkey has more than 40+ military and intelligence bases scattered all around Iraq, the most out of any country.[69] There are plans to build a new base in the Metina area of Duhok governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan Region as of April 2021.[70][71] In total, Turkey has stationed around 5,000 to 10,000 soldiers in Iraq.[72][73]
  科索沃 Prizren: Sultan Murat Kışlası, Mamusha An estimated 321 troops serve in the Kosovo Security Battalion command for UNMIK mission and KFOR peacekeeping force英语NATO peacekeeping's.[64][74][75][76]
  利比亚 Tripolitania英语Tripolitania (province of Libya): al-Watiya英语Al-Watiya Air Base, Mitiga,Misrata and Zwara[77] The number of Turkish soldiers stationed in Libya is unknown.[73]
  北塞浦路斯 Northern Cyprus A total of 35,000 to 40,000 armed forces of Turkey are currently in active duty Cyprus Turkish Peace Force Command英语Cyprus Turkish Peace Force Command in the de facto state Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.[73]
  卡塔尔 Doha: Katar TSK Kara Unsur Komutanlığı 5,000 personnel.[78][79][80][81]
  索马里 Mogadishu: Camp TURKSOM英语Camp TURKSOM 2,000 personnels.[73]
  叙利亚 Turkish occupation of northern Syria英语Turkish occupation of northern Syria: Al-Bab, Al-Rai英语Al-Rai, Syria, Akhtarin英语Akhtarin, Afrin, Jindires英语Jindires, Rajo英语Rajo, Syria and Jarablus 5,000 personnel in Euphrates Shield and Olive Branch regions. New bases were followed at south of Afrin canton in Atme英语Atme and Darat Izza英语Darat Izza[82] There are 114 Turkish bases in Syria as of January 2022.[83] After operation Peace Spring, approximately 6,400 personnel are working around the Peace Spring region between Ras al-Ayn and Tell Abyad. 19 observation points are settled around Idlib and Aleppo Province.[84] Altogether, there are an estimated 10,500 Turkish soldiers and 250 tanks stationed in Turkish occupation of northern Syria. These numbers are constantly subject to modifications.[73]

 阿联酋

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国家 地点 简述
  利比亚 Al-Khadim Airport near Marj A forward operating base英语forward operating base[85][86]
  也门 Socotra and Perim Partial military base and air base at.[87][88]

 英国

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国家 地点 简述
  伯利兹 Price Barracks英语Price Barracks, Ladyville英语Ladyville British Army Training and Support Unit Belize英语British Army Training and Support Unit Belize[89]
  文莱 Seria British Forces Brunei英语British Forces Brunei[90]
  加拿大 CFB Suffield英语CFB Suffield British Army Training Unit Suffield英语British Army Training Unit Suffield
  塞浦路斯 Troodos Mountains in Cyprus British Forces Cyprus
  德国 Westfalen Garrison英语Westfalen Garrison British Army Germany英语British Army Germany[91]
  肯尼亚 Nanyuki British Army Training Unit Kenya英语British Army Training Unit Kenya[92]
  尼泊尔 Pokhara Camp, Dharan Station[93][94] British Gurkhas Nepal英语British Gurkhas Nepal
  挪威 Bardufoss Air Station英语Bardufoss Air Station[95] and Camp Viking英语Camp Viking (military base)[96] which opened in 2023.
  阿曼 Duqm英语Duqm Omani-British Joint Training Area英语Omani-British Joint Training Area and the UK Joint Logistics Support Base英语UK Joint Logistics Support Base
  卡塔尔 RAF Al Udeid[97]
  塞拉利昂 Leicester Peak英语Leicester Peak transmitting station IMATT HQ[98]
  新加坡 Sembawang Naval Base英语British Defence Singapore Support Unit British Defence Singapore Support Unit英语British Defence Singapore Support Unit[18][99]
  阿联酋 Al Minhad Air Base英语Al Minhad Air Base Donnelly Lines英语Donnelly Lines

 美国

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注释

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  1. ^ What are here termed "named bases" are the bases listed in section X: "Personnel Data from DMDC", i.e. excluding that table's rows labelled "Other", in the 2015 DoD Base Structure Report.
  2. ^ The 2015 U.S. Base Structure Report gives 587 overseas sites, but sites are merely real property at a distinct geographical location, and multiple sites may belong to one installation (page DoD-3). For example, the Garmisch, Germany "named base" with its 72 personnel has eight distinct sites large enough to be listed in the Army's Individual Service Inventory list: Artillery Kaserne, Breitenau Skeet Range, Garmisch Family Housing, Garmish Golf Course, General Abrams Hotel And Disp, Hausberg Ski Area, Oberammergau NATO School, and Sheridan Barracks (listed in Army-15 to Army-17). These range in size from Ramstein AB with 9,188 active, guard/reserve, and civilian personnel down to Worms, which has just one civilian.

参考资料

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  1. ^ Bouchrika, Imed. Major U.S. Military Bases and Installations in 2024 – Domestic & Overseas. Research.com. 2021-04-14 [2024-05-28]. (原始内容存档于2024-05-28). 
  2. ^ Department of Defense / Base Structure Report / FY 2015 Baseline (PDF). [October 10, 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于October 11, 2016). 
  3. ^ RMAF Base Butterworth. Royal Australian Air Force. 13 November 2017 [26 March 2018]. (原始内容存档于12 March 2018). 
  4. ^ Kuwaiti-Bangladeshi Military Ties Distinctive: Senior Officer. Bangladesh Embassy in Kuwait. [May 8, 2022]. (原始内容存档于February 25, 2021). 
  5. ^ Number of Bangladesh Army men rises in Kuwait. [2022-03-14]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-14). 
  6. ^ Kuwait praises Bangladesh army. 5 January 2018 [14 March 2022]. (原始内容存档于7 June 2024). 
  7. ^ Bangladesh Army, Kuwait sign contingent pact. 27 October 2021 [14 March 2022]. (原始内容存档于21 January 2022). 
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