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無浪漫傾向
定義不對或很少對人產生浪漫情感；欠缺或很少有從事浪漫活動的慾望
縮寫aro
旗幟
代表無浪漫傾向的旗幟
代表無浪漫傾向的旗幟
旗幟名稱代表無浪漫傾向的旗幟
含義綠色：無浪漫傾向光譜
白色：柏拉圖式的愛和友誼
灰色和黑色：性光譜[1][2]
系列條目
LGBT主題
      
女同性戀（L） ∙ 男同性戀 （G）
雙性戀 （B）∙ 跨性別（T）
性傾向和性別認同
概觀
文化
權益
社會態度
研究和論述
LGBT專題

無浪漫傾向是浪漫取向的一種，擁有此傾向的人不會或很少對人產生浪漫情感[3][4][5][6]。而他們可稱為無浪漫傾向者[7][8]。

定義

編輯

無浪漫傾向的意思是「不對或很少對人產生浪漫情感；欠缺或很少有從事浪漫活動的慾望」[9]。2018年，《牛津英語詞典》正式收錄無浪漫傾向者的英語「aromantic」[10]。無浪漫傾向的反義詞為「有浪漫傾向」（alloromanticism），後者指的是會對其他人產生浪漫情感的浪漫取向[11]。

無浪漫傾向者能夠建立其他形式的關係，並可能建立性關係[12]。也有的會決定養育孩子[12][13]——他們不一定不會在性方面受其他人吸引[14]。很多無浪漫傾向者同時是無性戀者[12][7]，但也有很多會認為其他人擁有性吸引力[15]。因此，屬於後一種情況的無浪漫傾向者可能會以「無浪漫傾向的雙性戀者」等身分認同來標籤自己[16]。分離的吸引力模型（英語：Split attraction model）可用於解釋這一種情況。根據該一模型，對一些人而言，認為其他人擁有性吸引力不等同能對相應對象產生浪漫情感。無浪漫傾向的無性戀者在英語中有時稱為「aro-ace」或「aroace」[17]。

部分無浪漫傾向者能建立柏拉圖式戀愛或堅定的友情關係，也有的會建立不帶浪漫成分的親密關係（酷兒柏拉圖式關係（英語：Queerplatonic relationship））[13]。不過也有人認為柏拉圖式的關係欠缺吸引力[18]。

The Mary Sue網站和《海峽時報》分別指出，無浪漫傾向者在流行文化中經常欠角色代表[19]和在大眾話語中受誤解[20]。部分西方大眾對無浪漫傾向者存有刻板印象，認為他們害怕感到親密、冷血無情、自欺欺人[7]。 除此之外，以無浪漫傾向者作研究對象的研究仍然很少[21][8]。

LGBTQIA+的A即為無浪漫傾向（aromanticism）、無性戀（asexuality）、無性別（agender）的縮寫[22][23]。

社群

編輯

由志願者營運的無浪漫傾向光譜承認、教育、倡議聯盟（Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy）皆在教育公眾更多有關無浪漫傾向光譜的資訊[24][25]。其會在每年2月協助舉辦無浪漫傾向現身週（Aromantic Spectrum Awareness Week）[26]。

象徵

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參見：LGBT符號
 
無浪漫傾向驕傲旗幟

2014年，Cameron Whimsy設計出無浪漫傾向驕傲旗幟。他選擇了綠色作為旗幟的主色，因為這一顔色跟常用於代表愛情的紅色相反。而當中亦配有白色、灰色、黑色三種顔色。白色代表柏拉圖式的愛和友誼，而灰色和黑色則代表性方面的光譜[2][27]。

Events

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無浪漫傾向現身週

編輯

Aromantic Spectrum Awareness Week (ASAW) is held annually during the first full week after Valentine's Day (beginning on Sunday). In 2025 it will be observed from February 16-22.

The event was first recognized from November 10–17, 2014, and was subsequently moved to February in 2015 to be held the week after Valentine's Day.[28] It is an awareness period that was created to celebrate, raise awareness of, and bring acceptance to aromantic spectrum identities and the issues people on the aromantic spectrum face.[26] ASAW is led and organized by the Aromantic-spectrum Union for Recognition, Education, and Advocacy (AUREA) and members of the aromantic community.[26]

ASAW has been officially recognized by a handful of states in the United States including Washington State.[29][30]

Aromantic Visibility Day

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The first annual Aromantic Visibility Day was held on 5 June 2023. It was organized by a call to action on Twitter to give visibility to people on the aromantic spectrum using the Hashtag #AromanticVisibilityDay and spread across social media including Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr, reddit and various online forums and a cover interview by Hello! magazine with aromantic-asexual author Alice Oseman.[31]

Cultural representation

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Aromanticism is rarely depicted in media, but is slowly gaining more widespread acceptance and representation.[32]

Books and literature

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Michael Paramo was referred to as "one of the globe's leading aro academics" by ITV's Woo and published a non-fiction book on the subject in 2024.[33]

Fiction

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Journals

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The interdisciplinary journal known as AZE, created by Michael Paramo in 2016, showcases the works and experiences of aromantic, asexual and agender people.[34][35][36]

Online media

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Popular YouTube animator Jaiden Dittfach published a video on coming out as aro-ace in 2022.[37]

The podcast Sounds Fake but Okay by Sarah Costello and Kayla Kaszyca focuses on aromanticism and asexuality and has been credited with helping increase public representation of the aspec (aromantic and asexual) community and has won the 2020 Discover Pods Award for best LGBTQ+ Culture Podcast.[38][39]

Popular YouTube animator Jaiden Dittfach published a video in March 2022, coming out as aromantic asexual, also known as aro-ace.[37][40][41]

Discrimination and cultural erasure

編輯
系列條目
歧視
 
一般性
社會性
宗教性（英語：Religious discrimination）
種族／地區
表現形式
歧視性政策
對策
相關條目

Discrimination, fear and prejudice against aromantic people, commonly referred to as "arophobia", or when directed at both aromantic and asexual (aspec) people, "aphobia" is prevalent in both the general public as well as within the LGBTQIA+ community.

Although aromantics and asexuals have existed for as long as humans have, the terminology and openness has only gone mainstream more recently.[42]

Aromantic people are often left out of discussions and representations, including within the LGBTQIA+ community itself.[42] This extends to some people's and media organizations misuse of the expanded LGBT acronym LGBTQIA+ acronym itself wherein some people mistakenly claim that A in LGBTQIA+ stands for ally. In actuality, the A in LGBTQIA+ represents aromanticism, asexuality and agender.[43][22][44][45]

This erasure extends into modern TV media, very prominently that of the character Jughead Jones, who is asexual and aromantic: in the 2017 television show Riverdale, the writers chose to depict Jughead as a heterosexual despite pleas from both fans and Jughead actor Cole Sprouse to retain Jughead's asexual aromantic identity to allow the community to be represented.[46]

To counteract the stigma and discrimination against aromantic people, various community and health and wellness organizations have published articles and educational materials to educate the public.[7][47][48]

The English aromantic and asexual activist Yasmin Benoit called out that this erasure expands to official government offices, such as the Government Equalities Office not yet acknowledging aromanticism in their latest LGBT Survey and people having to label themselves under "other" instead.[49]

It is worth noting that sometimes this erasure of aromantic identities even happens within the aspec community itself, with people assuming that aromanticism and asexuality are the same thing, when in actuality they are different things and many aromantic people do not identify as asexual.[50][51]

In the Aromantic Census 2020, 82.43% of respondents reported not being taken seriously, being ignored, or being dismissed by others. 48.34% reported having experienced attempts or suggestions to "fix" or "cure" them. 70.51% of respondents indicated some impact of discrimination against their aromantic identity.[52]

Research

編輯

As the general term of aromanticism is still relatively young, studies on aromanticism in the scientific research field are still scarce and under-researched[8][12][53] and of the few studies that exist, many treat aromanticism as a sub-set of asexuality.[54]

In April 2023 two University of Toronto professors launched the Asexuality and Aromanticism Bibliography to better collect and track academic articles on asexuality and aromanticism.[55][56]

The concept that there is a distinction between romantic and sexual orientation has not been studied extensively yet,[57] but the diversity of attraction has been progressively recognized in newer studies.[15][58]

A 2022 study on concordance between romantic orientation and sexual attitudes found that while there is some concordance between romantic orientation and sexual orientation, the two were not a complete match, suggesting that the experience of split attraction between romantic and sexual orientation exists both in allosexual as well in asexual people. The authors also note that they were surprised that out of their sample population, as compared to asexual participants, only few allosexual people self-identified as aromantic and hypothesize that this may be due to the unfamiliarity with the concept and term.[58]

According to Debra Laino, an AASECT-certified clinical sexologist and relationship coach, one of the most common misconceptions around aromantic people is that they do not want to have sex. She explains that "aromantic people can still feel sexual attraction, but they might not identify with the way romance is often present in current media and culture."[25]

A research article from 2021 discusses zines and their role within the aromantic and asexual community to help people navigate their identity and the authors note that aromanticism is "too often explored as a tag-on to asexuality".[59]

Prevalence

編輯

The representation of aromantic people within the general population is not yet well understood. Of the population of asexual people, which is believed to be approximately 1% of the general population, about 26% also identified as aromantic.[12] There is however not much qualitative or quantitative research around how many allosexual people also identify as aromantic, thus making it hard to say how much of the general public identifies as aromantic.

One study of 414 American adults found that about 1% of participants indicated that they were not romantically attracted to either sex (i.e. aromantic). The study also found that about 10.6% of participants had discordant (different) romantic and sexual orientations.[15]

Calls for more research on aromanticism

編輯

Aromanticism as its own term originated within the asexual community online, but newer research is acknowledging that romantic and sexual orientation are not one and the same and attitudes towards recognition of this separation and difference are changing.[58] A contributing factor to this is that many people have difficulty distinguishing between romantic and sexual attraction as they intertwined for most people[57] and that between 19% and 28% of asexual individuals do also identify as aromantic.[60][61]

Calls for more research around aromanticism and asexuality are highlighted by a recent study centered on the thematic analysis of online communications within the aromantic and asexual community, which highlights that allonormativity is prevalent in the field of communication studies and needs to be combated in order to provide qualitative academic work around aromanticism and asexuality.[53]

In January 2024, PRIDEnet, a project of Stanford University School of Medicine, published a report as a result of a series of research community listening sessions with members of the aromantic community held in 2023 in recognition of the need for more affirming research related to the aromantic community to "address the lack of information surrounding the social, mental, and physical health of aromantic people and help us understand the challenges faced by and the resilience of the aromantic community".[62]

References

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  1. ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為flagorigin的參考文獻提供內容
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 What is the aromantic flag. lgbtqnation.com. June 2022 [2023-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  3. ^ Bougie, C. Composing aromanticism (Thesis論文). University of Missouri--Columbia: 8. 2021 [2022-04-21]. doi:10.32469/10355/85832  . （原始內容存檔於2022-05-16）. 
  4. ^ 5 things you should know about aromantic people. Stonewall. 2022-02-18 [2022-02-26]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-26） （英語）. 
  5. ^ Never Been Interested in Romance? You Could Be Aromantic. Psych Central. 2021-10-29 [2022-02-26]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-26） （英語）. 
  6. ^ Definition of AROMANTIC. www.merriam-webster.com. [2024-02-14] （英語）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Josh Salisbury. Meet the aromantics: 'I'm not cold – I just don't have any romantic feelings' | Life and style. The Guardian. [2018-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-07）. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Przybylo, Ela; Gupta, Kristina. Editorial Introduction: The Erotics of Asexualities and Nonsexualities: Intersectional Approaches. Feminist Formations. 2020, 32 (3): vii–xxi [2022-04-21]. ISSN 2151-7371. S2CID 235009367. doi:10.1353/ff.2020.0034. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-06）. 
  9. ^ Aromantic Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster. [2023-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-25）. 
  10. ^ Oxford English Dictionary: New words list June 2018. June 2018 [2023-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-19）. 
  11. ^ Micomonaco, Mikayla. I'm Tired Of My Queer Identity Being Ignored & Erased On TV. Bustle. 2017-06-28 [2018-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-15）. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Antonsen, Amy N.; Zdaniuk, Bozena; Yule, Morag; Brotto, Lori A. Ace and Aro: Understanding Differences in Romantic Attractions Among Persons Identifying as Asexual. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2020-07-01, 49 (5): 1615–1630 [2023-03-26]. ISSN 1573-2800. PMID 32095971. S2CID 211476089. doi:10.1007/s10508-019-01600-1. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-29） （英語）. 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Plonski, Logan. 7 Facts You Should Know About Aromantic People. them. 2018-02-23 [2020-02-19]. （原始內容存檔於2020-01-11） （英語）. 
  14. ^ Pinto, Stacy Anne. ASEXUally: On being an ally to the asexual community. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling. 2014, 8 (4): 331–343. S2CID 144192002. doi:10.1080/15538605.2014.960130. 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Lund, Emily M.; Thomas, Katie B.; Sias, Christina M.; Bradley, April R. Examining Concordant and Discordant Sexual and Romantic Attraction in American Adults: Implications for Counselors. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling. 2016-11-21, 10 (4): 211–226 [2023-03-26]. S2CID 151856457. doi:10.1080/15538605.2016.1233840. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  16. ^ Miller SJ (編). Glossary of Terms: Defining a Common Queer language (PDF). Teaching, Affirming, and Recognizing Trans and Gender Creative Youth. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 2016: 299–309 [2020-04-24]. ISBN 978-1-137-56766-6. S2CID 156912799. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-56766-6. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2022-10-09）. 
  17. ^ Kliegman, Julie. What Does AroAce Mean? Not Everyone Who's Aromantic Is Asexual. Bustle. 2021-10-29 [2022-08-04]. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-28） （英語）. 
  18. ^ Jenkins, Nathan Bernstein, Maximus, A Brief Manifesto Against Asexual Respectability Politics, Asexualities (Routledge), 2024 [2024-05-15], ISBN 978-1-003-17879-8, doi:10.4324/9781003178798-10 
  19. ^ How Pop Culture Denies Aromantic Asexual Existence. The Mary Sue. 2016-02-19 [2018-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-06）. 
  20. ^ Yeow Kai Chai. Singer-songwriter Moses Sumney does not mind flying the freak flag, Entertainment News & Top Stories. The Straits Times. 2017-10-04 [2018-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2019-12-02）. 
  21. ^ Nicola Pardy. What Is Asexual - People Share Asexuality Experiences. Refinery29.uk. [2018-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2018-09-06）. 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 GLAAD - A is for Asexual, Agender, Aromantic. 2015-02-11 [2023-03-26]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  23. ^ LGBTQIA Definition & Meaning. Merriam-Webster. [2023-07-09]. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-07）. 
  24. ^ Your Everything-to-Know Guide on What It Means to Be Aromantic. Cosmopolitan. 2022-05-20 [2023-04-29]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-03）. 
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 Aromantic Definition - What it Means & How It Differs From Asexuality. Women's Health. 2022-04-25 [2023-03-26]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Are you ready for Aromantic Spectrum Awareness Week?. lgbtqnation.com. 2021-02-15 [2023-04-21]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  27. ^ Gillespie, Claire. 22 Different Pride Flags and What They Represent in the LGBTQ+ Community. Health.com. [2020-07-19]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-19）. 
  28. ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為aboutASAW的參考文獻提供內容
  29. ^ Washington Becomes 5th State to Recognize Aro Week. 2021-02-25 [2023-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  30. ^ Aromantic Spectrum Awareness Week. lgbtq.wa.gov. [2023-04-21]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-21）. 
  31. ^ Heartstopper's Alice Oseman on asexuality, young fame and surviving social media. HELLO! magazine. 2023-06-06 [2023-06-06]. （原始內容存檔於2023-07-09）. 
  32. ^ How Pop Culture Denies Aromantic Asexual Existence. The Mary Sue. 2016-02-19 [2018-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-06）. 
  33. ^ Kyle, MacNeill. The new aromantics flying the flag for the misunderstood identity. Planet Woo, ITV. 2024-02-14 [2024-02-18]. Mexican-American writer Michael Paramo is one of the globe’s leading aro academics... they published Ending the Pursuit, a book questioning society’s normative views on sex, gender and romance. 
  34. ^ The "A" in LGBTQIA+. psychcentral.com. 2021-10-26 [2023-04-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-15）. 
  35. ^ Aromantic Spectrum Awareness Week 2023 - Resources on Aromanticism. seattlepride.org. 2023-02-13 [2023-04-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-15）. 
  36. ^ About AZE. AZE journal. [2023-04-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-14）. 
  37. ^ 37.0 37.1 Moen, Matt. YouTuber Jaiden Animations Comes Out as Aroace. Paper Magazine. 2022-03-23 [2022-03-24]. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-24）. 
  38. ^ These Podcasts Are Paving the Way for Aromantic and Asexual Representation. 2020-02-20 [2023-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-01）. 
  39. ^ Announcing the winners of the 2020 Discover Pods Awards. 2020-11-09 [2023-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-17）. 
  40. ^ Henderson, Taylor. YouTuber Jaiden Animations Comes Out as Aroace, Here's What That Means. Pride. 2022-03-21 [2022-03-24]. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-25）. 
  41. ^ van der Velde, Issy. Jaiden Animations' Coming Out Video Perfectly Treads The Line Between Public And Private. TheGamer. 2022-03-23 [2022-03-24]. （原始內容存檔於2022-03-23）. 
  42. ^ 42.0 42.1 Why aromantic and asexual people belong in LGBTQIA+ community. 2021-07-06 [2023-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  43. ^ Mercado, Mia. Equinox Gym's Pride Video 'The LGBTQ Alphabet' Leaves Out An Important Letter. Bustle. 2017-06-08 [2018-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-10）. 
  44. ^ Dastagir, Alia E. LGBTQ definitions every good ally should know. USA Today. 2017-06-15 [2018-04-15]. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-04）. 
  45. ^ Why the A doesn't stand for Ally. 2020-05-19 [2023-03-26]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  46. ^ Riverdale's' Asexual Erasure Can be Harmful. 2017-04-14 [2023-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2020-12-05）. 
  47. ^ Aphobia: Common Attitudes and Expressions (PDF). ourspectrum.com. Waterloo Region's Rainbow Community Space. October 2021 [2023-03-25]. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2023-03-15）. 
  48. ^ Aromantic Resources - PFLAG. [2023-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  49. ^ Activist shares her story for Aromantic Awareness Week. SWLondoner. 2023-02-21 [2023-03-28]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-30）. 
  50. ^ Aromanticism: What Does It Mean? - WebMD. 2021-06-27 [2023-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  51. ^ What Does it Mean to be Aromantic - Shape. 2021-12-28 [2023-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  52. ^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為:0的參考文獻提供內容
  53. ^ 53.0 53.1 Brandley, Ben; Dehnert, Marco. "I am not a Robot, I am Asexual": A Qualitative Critique of Allonormative Discourses of Ace and Aro Folks as Robots, Aliens, Monsters. Journal of Homosexuality. 2023-03-17, 71 (6): 1560–1583 [2023-03-26]. PMID 36929881. S2CID 257583622. doi:10.1080/00918369.2023.2185092. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  54. ^ Carvalho, Ana Catarina; Rodrigues, David L. Sexuality, Sexual Behavior, and Relationships of Asexual Individuals: Differences Between Aromantic and Romantic Orientation. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2022, 51 (4): 2159–2168 [2023-03-26]. PMID 35334025. S2CID 242569971. doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02187-2. hdl:10071/25315  . （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  55. ^ Aschaiek, Sharon. English scholars develop unique resource for asexuality and aromanticism research. University of Toronto. 2023-04-11 [2023-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-29） （英語）. 
  56. ^ Johnson, Olivia. Resources on asexuality and aromanticism studies are more accessible than ever. xtramagazine.com. 2023-05-17 [2023-05-29]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-17）. 
  57. ^ 57.0 57.1 Bogaert, Anthony F. Understanding Asexuality. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 2012-08-09. ISBN 978-1442200999. 
  58. ^ 58.0 58.1 58.2 Clark, Alyssa N.; Zimmerman, Corinne. Concordance Between Romantic Orientations and Sexual Attitudes: Comparing Allosexual and Asexual Adults. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2022-04-05, 51 (4): 2147–2157 [2023-03-26]. PMID 35380311. S2CID 247955047. doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02194-3. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-18）. 
  59. ^ Przybylo, Ela; Jacob, Kaiya. The Erotic Worldmaking of Asexual and Aromantic Zines. QED: A Journal on GLBTQ Worldmaking. 2021-02-01, 8 (1): 25–48 [2023-03-26]. S2CID 238938385. doi:10.14321/qed.8.1.0025. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-26）. 
  60. ^ Never Been Interested in Romance? You could be Aromantic. 2021-10-29 [2023-03-25]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-25）. 
  61. ^ Zheng, Lijun; Su, Yanchen. Patterns of Asexuality in China: Sexual Activity, Sexual and Romantic Attraction, and Sexual Desire. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2018-01-30, 47 (4): 1265–1276 [2023-03-26]. PMID 29383460. S2CID 254266864. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1158-y. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-25）. 
  62. ^ Community Listening Sessions with Aromantic People: Summary and Recommendations Report (PDF). Stanford University School of Medicine. 2024-01-30 [2024-02-08]. 
編輯
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