模組:IPA symbol/doc

本模塊用於執行{{IPAsym}}與{{IPAlink}}，用法詳見模板文檔。本模塊資料存放在Module:IPA symbol/data。

簡介

Error: "s̺" is defined more than once. Error: "z̺" is defined more than once. Error: "s̠" is defined more than once. Error: "z̠" is defined more than once. Error: "ɻ̊" is defined more than once. 441 entries (390 in "sounds", 51 in "diacritics"), 888 symbols (697 in "sounds", 191 in "diacritics"). Parentheses denote a link automatically inherited from the name field. In italics are redirects. Name Symbols Article Audio Group 清雙唇鼻音 m̥ (清雙唇鼻音) Voiceless Bilabial Nasal.ogg (play) sounds 雙唇鼻音 m (雙唇鼻音) Bilabial nasal.ogg (play) sounds 清唇齒鼻音 ɱ̊ , ɱ̥ (清唇齒鼻音) sounds 唇齒鼻音 ɱ (唇齒鼻音) Labiodental nasal.ogg (play) sounds 舌唇鼻音 n̼ (舌唇鼻音) Linguolabial nasal.ogg (play) sounds 齒鼻音 n̪ (齒鼻音) sounds 清齒齦鼻音 n̥ (清齒齦鼻音) Voiceless Alveolar Nasal.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦鼻音 n (齒齦鼻音) Alveolar nasal.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦後鼻音 n̠ (齒齦後鼻音) sounds 清捲舌鼻音 ɳ̊ , ɳ̥ (清捲舌鼻音) sounds 捲舌鼻音 ɳ (捲舌鼻音) Retroflex nasal.ogg (play) sounds 清硬齶鼻音 n̠̊ʲ , ɲ̊˖ , ɲ̟̊ , ȵ̊ (清硬齶鼻音) sounds 硬齶鼻音 n̠ʲ , ɲ˖ , ɲ̟ , ȵ (硬齶鼻音) sounds 清硬齶鼻音 ɲ̊ , ɲ̥ (清硬齶鼻音) sounds 硬齶鼻音 ɲ (硬齶鼻音) Palatal nasal.ogg (play) sounds 後齶鼻音 ɲ˗ , ɲ̠ , ŋ˖ , ŋ̟ (後齶鼻音) sounds 清軟齶鼻音 ŋ̊ , ŋ̥ (清軟齶鼻音) sounds 軟齶鼻音 ŋ (軟齶鼻音) Velar nasal.ogg (play) sounds 前小舌鼻音 ɴ̟ , ŋ˗ , ŋ̠ (前小舌鼻音) sounds 小舌鼻音 ɴ (小舌鼻音) Uvular nasal.ogg (play) sounds 清雙唇塞音 p (清雙唇塞音) Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg (play) sounds 濁雙唇塞音 b (濁雙唇塞音) Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg (play) sounds 清唇齒塞音 p̪ , p͆ (清唇齒塞音) sounds 濁唇齒塞音 b̪ (濁唇齒塞音) sounds 清舌唇塞音 t̼ (清舌唇塞音) Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg (play) sounds 濁舌唇塞音 d̼ (濁舌唇塞音) Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg (play) sounds 清齒塞音 t̪ (清齒塞音) Voiceless dental stop.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒塞音 d̪ (濁齒塞音) Voiced dental stop.ogg (play) sounds 清齒齦塞音 t (清齒齦塞音) Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒齦塞音 d (濁齒齦塞音) Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg (play) sounds 清齒齦後塞音 t̠ (清齒齦後塞音) sounds 濁齒齦後塞音 d̠ (濁齒齦後塞音) sounds 清捲舌塞音 ʈ (清捲舌塞音) Voiceless retroflex stop.oga (play) sounds 濁捲舌塞音 ɖ (濁捲舌塞音) Voiced retroflex stop.oga (play) sounds 齦齶音 t̠ʲ , c̟ , ȶ (齦齶音) sounds 齦齶音 d̠ʲ , ɟ˖ , ɟ̟ , ȡ (齦齶音) sounds 清硬齶塞音 c (清硬齶塞音) Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg (play) sounds 濁硬齶塞音 ɟ (濁硬齶塞音) Voiced palatal plosive.ogg (play) sounds 清後齶塞音 c̠ , k̟ (清後齶塞音) sounds 濁後齶塞音 ɟ˗ , ɟ̠ , ɡ˖ , ɡ̟ (濁後齶塞音) sounds 清軟齶塞音 k (清軟齶塞音) Voiceless velar plosive.ogg (play) sounds 濁軟齶塞音 ɡ (濁軟齶塞音) Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg (play) sounds 清前小舌塞音 q˖ , q̟ , k̠ (清前小舌塞音) sounds 濁前小舌塞音 ɢ̟ , ɡ˗ , ɡ̠ (濁前小舌塞音) sounds 清小舌塞音 q (清小舌塞音) Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg (play) sounds 濁小舌塞音 ɢ (濁小舌塞音) Voiced uvular stop.oga (play) sounds 會厭塞音 ʡ (會厭塞音) Epiglottal stop.ogg (play) sounds 聲門塞音 ʔ (聲門塞音) Glottal stop.ogg (play) sounds 清雙唇塞擦音 pɸ (清雙唇塞擦音) Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁雙唇塞擦音 bβ (濁雙唇塞擦音) sounds 清唇齒塞擦音 p̪f , p͆f , pf (清唇齒塞擦音) Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁唇齒塞擦音 b̪v , bv (濁唇齒塞擦音) Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清齒塞擦音 t̪s̪ , ts̪ , t̟s̟ , ts̟ (清齒塞擦音) Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga (play) sounds 濁齒塞擦音 d̪z̪ , dz̪ , d̟z̟ , dz̟ (濁齒塞擦音) Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga (play) sounds 清齒無噝塞擦音 t̪θ , t̟θ , tθ (清齒無噝塞擦音) Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga (play) sounds 濁齒無噝塞擦音 d̪ð , d̟ð , dð (濁齒無噝塞擦音) Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga (play) sounds 清齒齦塞擦音 ts , ʦ (清齒齦塞擦音) Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga (play) sounds 濁齒齦塞擦音 dz , ʣ (濁齒齦塞擦音) Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga (play) sounds 清舌尖齒齦塞擦音 t̺s̺ , ts̺ , t̠s̠ , ts̠ (清舌尖齒齦塞擦音) sounds 濁舌尖齒齦塞擦音 d̺z̺ , dz̺ , d̠z̠ , dz̠ (濁舌尖齒齦塞擦音) sounds 清齒齦無噝塞擦音 tɹ̝̊ , tɹ̥ , tθ̠ , tθ͇ (清齒齦無噝塞擦音) sounds 濁齒齦無噝塞擦音 dɹ̝ , dɹ , dð̠ , dð̳ (濁齒齦無噝塞擦音) sounds 清齶齦塞擦音 t̠ʃ , tʃ , ʧ (清齶齦塞擦音) Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁齶齦塞擦音 d̠ʒ , dʒ , ʤ (濁齶齦塞擦音) Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清齒齦後無噝塞擦音 t̠ɹ̠̊˔ , tɹ̠̊˔ , tɹ̝̊˗ , t̠ɹ̝̊˗ , t̠ɹ̠̊ , tɹ̠̊ (清齒齦後無噝塞擦音) Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒齦後無噝塞擦音 d̠ɹ̠˔ , dɹ̠˔ , dɹ̝˗ , d̠ɹ̝˗ , d̠ɹ̠ , dɹ̠ (濁齒齦後無噝塞擦音) Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清捲舌塞擦音 ʈʂ , tʂ (清捲舌塞擦音) Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁捲舌塞擦音 ɖʐ , dʐ (濁捲舌塞擦音) Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清齦齶塞擦音 tɕ , cɕ , ʨ (清齦齶塞擦音) Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁齦齶塞擦音 dʑ , ɟʑ , ʥ (濁齦齶塞擦音) Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清硬齶塞擦音 cç (清硬齶塞擦音) Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁硬齶塞音 ɟʝ (濁硬齶塞音) Voiced palatal affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清後齶塞擦音 c̠ç˗ , cç˗ , c̠ç̠ , cç̠ , k̟x̟ , kx̟ (清後齶塞擦音) sounds 濁後齶塞擦音 ɟ˗ʝ˗ , ɟʝ˗ , ɟ̠ʝ̠ , ɟʝ̠ , ɡ˖ɣ˖ , ɡɣ˖ , ɡ̟ɣ̟ , ɡɣ̟ (濁後齶塞擦音) sounds 清軟齶塞擦音 kx (清軟齶塞擦音) Voiceless velar affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁軟齶塞擦音 ɡɣ (濁軟齶塞擦音) Voiced velar affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清前小舌塞擦音 q˖χ˖ , qχ˖ , q̟χ̟ , qχ̟ , k̠x̠ , kx̠ (清前小舌塞擦音) sounds 清小舌塞擦音 qχ (清小舌塞擦音) Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁小舌塞擦音 ɢʁ (濁小舌塞擦音) Voiced uvular affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清咽塞擦音 ʡħ (清咽塞擦音) sounds 清會厭塞擦音 ʡʜ (清會厭塞擦音) Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁會厭塞擦音 ʡʢ (濁會厭塞擦音) Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清聲門塞擦音 ʔh (清聲門塞擦音) Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清雙唇擦音 ɸ (清雙唇擦音) Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁雙唇擦音 β (濁雙唇擦音) Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清唇齒擦音 f (清唇齒擦音) Voiceless labio-dental fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁唇齒擦音 v (濁唇齒擦音) Voiced labio-dental fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清舌唇擦音 θ̼ (清舌唇擦音) Voiceless linguolabial fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁舌唇擦音 ð̼ (濁舌唇擦音) sounds 清齒擦音 θ (清齒擦音) Voiceless dental fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒擦音 ð (濁齒擦音) Voiced dental fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清齒有噝擦音 s̪ (清齒有噝擦音) sounds 濁齒有噝擦音 z̪ (濁齒有噝擦音) sounds 清齒齒齦有噝擦音 s̻̪ , s̪̻ , s̻͆ , s̟ (清齒齒齦有噝擦音) sounds 清齒齦擦音 s (清齒齦擦音) Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒齦擦音 z (濁齒齦擦音) Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) sounds 清舌尖齒齦有噝擦音 s̺ , s̠ (清舌尖齒齦有噝擦音) sounds 濁舌尖齒齦有噝擦音 z̺ , z̠ (濁舌尖齒齦有噝擦音) sounds 清舌尖齒齦擦音 s̺ (清舌尖齒齦擦音) sounds 濁舌尖齒齦擦音 z̺ (濁舌尖齒齦擦音) sounds 清齒齦後移擦音 s̠ (清齒齦後移擦音) Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒齦後移擦音 z̠ (濁齒齦後移擦音) sounds 清齒齦無噝擦音 θ̠ , θ͇ , ɹ̝̊ (清齒齦無噝擦音) Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒齦無噝擦音 ð̠ , ð̳ , ɹ̝ (濁齒齦無噝擦音) Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清齒齦閃擦音 ɾ̞̊ (清齒齦閃擦音) Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒齦閃擦音 ɾ̞ (濁齒齦閃擦音) Voiced alveolar tapped fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清齶齦擦音 ʃ (清齶齦擦音) Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) sounds 濁齶齦擦音 ʒ (濁齶齦擦音) Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg (play) sounds 清齒齦後無噝擦音 ɹ̠̊˔ , ɹ̝̊˗ (清齒齦後無噝擦音) Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒齦後無噝擦音 ɹ̠˔ , ɹ̝˗ (濁齒齦後無噝擦音) Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清捲舌擦音 ʂ (清捲舌擦音) Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg (play) sounds 濁捲舌擦音 ʐ (濁捲舌擦音) Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg (play) sounds 清捲舌無噝擦音 ɻ̝̊ , ɻ̊˔ (清捲舌無噝擦音) sounds 濁捲舌無噝擦音 ɻ̝ , ɻ˔ , ɻ̊ (濁捲舌無噝擦音) sounds 清齦齶擦音 ɕ (清齦齶擦音) Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg (play) sounds 濁齦齶擦音 ʑ (濁齦齶擦音) Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg (play) sounds 清硬齶擦音 ç (清硬齶擦音) Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁硬齶擦音 ʝ (濁硬齶擦音) Voiced palatal fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清後齶擦音 ç˗ , ç̠ , x̟ (清後齶擦音) sounds 濁後齶擦音 ʝ˗ , ʝ̠ , ɣ˖ , ɣ̟ (濁後齶擦音) sounds 清軟齶擦音 x (清軟齶擦音) Voiceless velar fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁軟齶擦音 ɣ (濁軟齶擦音) Voiced velar fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清前小舌擦音 χ˖ , χ̟ , x̠ (清前小舌擦音) sounds 濁前小舌擦音 ʁ̟ , ɣ˗ , ɣ̠ (濁前小舌擦音) sounds 清小舌擦音 χ (清小舌擦音) Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁小舌擦音 ʁ (濁小舌擦音) Voiced uvular fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清咽擦音 ħ (清咽擦音) Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁咽擦音 ʕ (濁咽擦音) Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清聲門擦音 h (清聲門擦音) Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁聲門擦音 ɦ (濁聲門擦音) Voiced glottal fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清雙齒擦音 h̪͆ (清雙齒擦音) sounds 清雙唇近音 β̞̊ , β̥˕ (清雙唇近音) sounds 雙唇近音 β̞ (雙唇近音) Bilabial approximant.ogg (play) sounds 清唇齒近音 ʋ̥ , f̞ (清唇齒近音) sounds 唇齒近音 ʋ (唇齒近音) Labiodental approximant.ogg (play) sounds 清齒近音 θ̞ (清齒近音) sounds 齒近音 ð̞ (齒近音) Voiced dental approximant.ogg (play) sounds 清齒齦近音 ɹ̥ (清齒齦近音) sounds 齒齦近音 ɹ (齒齦近音) Alveolar approximant.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦後近音 ɹ̠ (齒齦後近音) Postalveolar approximant.ogg (play) sounds 清捲舌近音 ɻ̊ (清捲舌近音) sounds 捲舌近音 ɻ (捲舌近音) Retroflex Approximant2.oga (play) sounds 清硬齶近音 j̊ (清硬齶近音) sounds 硬齶近音 j , ʝ˕ , ʝ̞ (硬齶近音) Palatal approximant.ogg (play) sounds 後齶近音 j˗ , j̠ , ɰ̟ , ɰ˖ , ʝ˕˗ , ʝ˗˕ , ʝ̞˗ , ɣ˕˖ , ɣ˖˕ , ɣ̞˖ (後齶近音) Post-palatal approximant.ogg (play) sounds 清軟齶近音 ɰ̊ , x̞ , ɣ̊˕ , ɣ̞̊ (清軟齶近音) sounds 濁軟齶近音 ɰ , ɣ˕ , ɣ̞ (濁軟齶近音) Voiced velar approximant.ogg (play) sounds 小舌近音 ʁ̞ (小舌近音) Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg (play) sounds 咽近音 ʕ̞ (咽近音) sounds 會厭近音 ʢ̞ (會厭近音) sounds 吱嘎音聲門近音 ʔ̞ , ʔ̰ (吱嘎音聲門近音) sounds 雙唇閃音 ⱱ̟ (雙唇閃音) sounds 唇齒閃音 ⱱ (唇齒閃音) Labiodental flap.ogg (play) sounds 舌唇閃音 ɾ̼ (舌唇閃音) sounds 齒閃音 ɾ̪ (齒閃音) sounds 清齒齦閃音 ɾ̥ (清齒齦閃音) sounds 齒齦閃音 ɾ (齒齦閃音) Alveolar tap.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦後閃音 ɾ̠ (齒齦後閃音) sounds 鼻化齒齦閃音 ɾ̃ , n̆ (鼻化齒齦閃音) sounds 清捲舌閃音 ɽ̊ (清捲舌閃音) sounds 捲舌閃音 ɽ (捲舌閃音) Retroflex flap.ogg (play) sounds 小舌閃音 ɢ̆ , ʀ̆ (小舌閃音) sounds 會厭閃音 ʡ̆ , ʕ̆ (會厭閃音) Epiglottal flap.oga (play) sounds 清雙唇顫音 ʙ̥ (清雙唇顫音) Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg (play) sounds 雙唇顫音 ʙ (雙唇顫音) Bilabial trill.ogg (play) sounds 舌唇顫音 r̼ (舌唇顫音) Linguolabial trill.ogg (play) sounds 齒顫音 r̪ (齒顫音) sounds 清齒齦顫音 r̥ (清齒齦顫音) Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦顫音 r (齒齦顫音) Alveolar trill.ogg (play) sounds 清齒齦擦顫音 r̝̊ (清齒齦擦顫音) sounds 濁齒齦擦顫音 r̝ (濁齒齦擦顫音) Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦後顫音 r̠ (齒齦後顫音) Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg (play) sounds 清捲舌顫音 ɽ̊ɽ̊ , ɽ̊r̥ , ɽr̥ (清捲舌顫音) Voiceless retroflex trill.ogg (play) sounds 捲舌顫音 ɽɽ , ɽr (捲舌顫音) Voiced retroflex trill.ogg (play) sounds 清前小舌擦顫音 ʀ̝̊˖ , ʀ̟̊˔ (清前小舌擦顫音) sounds 濁前小舌擦顫音 ʀ̝˖ , ʀ̟˔ (濁前小舌擦顫音) sounds 清小舌顫音 ʀ̥ (清小舌顫音) Voiceless uvular trill.ogg (play) sounds 小舌顫音 ʀ (小舌顫音) Uvular trill.ogg (play) sounds 清小舌擦顫音 ʀ̝̊ (清小舌擦顫音) Voiceless uvular fricative trill.ogg (play) sounds 濁小舌擦顫音 ʀ̝ (濁小舌擦顫音) sounds 清會厭擦音 ʜ (清會厭擦音) Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg (play) sounds 濁會厭顫音 ʢ (濁會厭顫音) Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg (play) sounds 清齒齦邊塞擦音 tɬ , ƛ (清齒齦邊塞擦音) Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒齦邊塞擦音 dɮ (濁齒齦邊塞擦音) Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清捲舌邊塞擦音 ʈɭ̊˔ , tɭ̊˔ , ʈɭ̊ , tɭ̊ , ʈꞎ , tꞎ (清捲舌邊塞擦音) sounds 濁捲舌邊塞擦音 ɖɭ˔ , dɭ˔ , ɖɭ , dɭ , ɖ𝼅 , d𝼅 (濁捲舌邊塞擦音) sounds 清硬齶邊塞擦音 cʎ̝̊ , cʎ̥ (清硬齶邊塞擦音) Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清軟齶邊塞擦音 kʟ̝̊ , kʟ̥ (清軟齶邊塞擦音) Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg (play) sounds 濁軟齶邊塞擦音 ɡʟ̝ , ɡʟ (濁軟齶邊塞擦音) Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg (play) sounds 清齒邊擦音 ɬ̪ (清齒邊擦音) sounds 濁齒邊擦音 ɮ̪ , ɮ͆ (濁齒邊擦音) sounds 清齒齦邊擦音 ɬ (清齒齦邊擦音) Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒齦邊擦音 ɮ (濁齒齦邊擦音) Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清捲舌邊擦音 ɭ̊˔ , ꞎ (清捲舌邊擦音) Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁捲舌邊擦音 ɭ˔ (濁捲舌邊擦音) sounds 清齦齶邊擦音 ɬ̠ʲ , ʎ̝̊˖ , ȴ̊˔ (清齦齶邊擦音) sounds 清硬齶邊擦音 ʎ̝̊ (清硬齶邊擦音) Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁硬齶邊擦音 ʎ̝ (濁硬齶邊擦音) sounds 清軟齶邊擦音 ʟ̝̊ (清軟齶邊擦音) Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁軟齶邊擦音 ʟ̝ (濁軟齶邊擦音) Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg (play) sounds 齒邊近音 l̪ (齒邊近音) sounds 清齒齦邊近音 l̥ (清齒齦邊近音) sounds 齒齦邊近音 l (齒齦邊近音) Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦後邊近音 l̠ (齒齦後邊近音) sounds 清捲舌邊近音 ɭ̊ (清捲舌邊近音) sounds 捲舌邊近音 ɭ (捲舌邊近音) Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg (play) sounds 清齦齶邊近音 l̠̊ʲ , ʎ̟̊ , ȴ̊ (清齦齶邊近音) sounds 齦齶邊近音 l̠ʲ , ʎ̟ , ȴ (齦齶邊近音) sounds 清硬齶邊近音 ʎ̥ (清硬齶邊近音) sounds 硬齶邊音 ʎ (硬齶邊音) Palatal lateral approximant.ogg (play) sounds 清軟齶邊近音 ʟ̥ (清軟齶邊近音) sounds 軟齶邊音 ʟ (軟齶邊音) Velar lateral approximant.ogg (play) sounds 小舌邊近音 ʟ̠ (小舌邊近音) Uvular lateral approximant.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦邊閃音 ɺ (齒齦邊閃音) Alveolar lateral flap.ogg (play) sounds 捲舌邊閃音 ɭ̆ (捲舌邊閃音) sounds 硬齶邊閃音 ʎ̆ (硬齶邊閃音) sounds 軟齶邊閃音 ʟ̆ (軟齶邊閃音) sounds 雙唇擠喉塞音 pʼ (雙唇擠喉塞音) Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg (play) sounds 齒擠喉音 t̪ʼ (齒擠喉音) sounds 齒齦擠喉音 tʼ (齒齦擠喉音) Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg (play) sounds 捲舌擠喉音 ʈʼ (捲舌擠喉音) Retroflex ejective.ogg (play) sounds 硬齶擠喉音 cʼ (硬齶擠喉音) Palatal ejective.ogg (play) sounds 軟齶擠喉音 kʼ (軟齶擠喉音) Velar ejective plosive.ogg (play) sounds 小舌擠喉音 qʼ (小舌擠喉音) Uvular ejective plosive.ogg (play) sounds 會厭擠喉音 ʡʼ (會厭擠喉音) Epiglottal ejective.ogg (play) sounds 齒擠喉塞擦音 t̪θʼ , t̟θʼ , tθʼ (齒擠喉塞擦音) Dental ejective affricate.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦擠喉塞擦音 tsʼ (齒齦擠喉塞擦音) Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg (play) sounds 齶齦擠喉塞擦音 t̠ʃʼ , tʃʼ (齶齦擠喉塞擦音) Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg (play) sounds 捲舌擠喉塞擦音 ʈʂʼ , tʂʼ (捲舌擠喉塞擦音) Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg (play) sounds 齦齶擠喉塞擦音 t̠ɕʼ , tɕʼ , cɕʼ (齦齶擠喉塞擦音) sounds 硬齶擠喉塞擦音 cçʼ (硬齶擠喉塞擦音) Palatal ejective affricate.ogg (play) sounds 軟齶擠喉塞擦音 kxʼ (軟齶擠喉塞擦音) Velar ejective affricate.ogg (play) sounds 小舌擠喉塞擦音 qχʼ (小舌擠喉塞擦音) Uvular ejective affricate.ogg (play) sounds 雙唇擠喉擦音 ɸʼ (雙唇擠喉擦音) sounds 唇齒擠喉擦音 fʼ (唇齒擠喉擦音) Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg (play) sounds 齒擠喉擦音 θʼ (齒擠喉擦音) Dental ejective fricative.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦擠喉擦音 sʼ (齒齦擠喉擦音) Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg (play) sounds 齶齦擠喉擦音 ʃʼ (齶齦擠喉擦音) Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg (play) sounds 捲舌擠喉擦音 ʂʼ (捲舌擠喉擦音) Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg (play) sounds 齦齶擠喉擦音 ɕʼ (齦齶擠喉擦音) Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg (play) sounds 硬齶擠喉擦音 çʼ (硬齶擠喉擦音) Palatal ejective fricative.ogg (play) sounds 軟齶擠喉擦音 xʼ (軟齶擠喉擦音) Velar ejective fricative.ogg (play) sounds 小舌擠喉擦音 χʼ (小舌擠喉擦音) Uvular ejective fricative.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦擠喉邊塞擦音 tɬʼ , ƛʼ (齒齦擠喉邊塞擦音) Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg (play) sounds 硬齶擠喉邊塞擦音 cʎ̝̊ʼ , cʎ̥ʼ (硬齶擠喉邊塞擦音) Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg (play) sounds 軟齶擠喉邊塞擦音 kʟ̝̊ʼ , kʟ̥ʼ (軟齶擠喉邊塞擦音) Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg (play) sounds 齒齦擠喉邊擦音 ɬʼ (齒齦擠喉邊擦音) Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg (play) sounds 不送氣雙唇搭嘴音 ʘ , kʘ (不送氣雙唇搭嘴音) Clic bilabial sourd.ogg (play) sounds 不送氣齒搭嘴音 ǀ , kǀ (不送氣齒搭嘴音) Dental click.ogg (play) sounds 不送氣齒齦搭嘴音 ǃ , kǃ (不送氣齒齦搭嘴音) Postalveolar click.ogg (play) sounds 不送氣硬齶搭嘴音 ǂ , kǂ (不送氣硬齶搭嘴音) Palatoalveolar click.ogg (play) sounds 軟齶搭嘴音 ʞ (軟齶搭嘴音) sounds 濁雙唇搭嘴音 ʘ̬ , ɡʘ (濁雙唇搭嘴音) Bilabial click.ogg (play) sounds 濁齒搭嘴音 ǀ̬ , ɡǀ (濁齒搭嘴音) sounds 濁齒齦搭嘴音 ǃ̬ , ɡǃ (濁齒齦搭嘴音) sounds 不送氣捲舌搭嘴音 𝼊 (不送氣捲舌搭嘴音) sounds 濁硬齶搭嘴音 ǂ̬ , ɡǂ (濁硬齶搭嘴音) sounds 濁捲舌搭嘴音 𝼊̬ , ɡ𝼊 (濁捲舌搭嘴音) sounds 雙唇鼻搭嘴音 ʘ̃ , ŋʘ (雙唇鼻搭嘴音) sounds 齒鼻搭嘴音 ǀ̃ , ŋǀ (齒鼻搭嘴音) sounds 齒齦鼻搭嘴音 ǃ̃ , ŋǃ (齒齦鼻搭嘴音) Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg (play) sounds 硬齶鼻搭嘴音 ǂ̃ , ŋǂ (硬齶鼻搭嘴音) sounds 捲舌鼻搭嘴音 𝼊̃ , ŋ𝼊 (捲舌鼻搭嘴音) sounds 不送氣邊搭嘴音 ǁ , kǁ (不送氣邊搭嘴音) Alveolar lateral click.ogg (play) sounds 濁邊搭嘴音 ǁ̬ , ɡǁ (濁邊搭嘴音) sounds 齒齦邊鼻搭嘴音 ǁ̃ , ŋǁ (齒齦邊鼻搭嘴音) sounds 聲門化雙唇鼻搭嘴音 ʘ̃ˀ , ʘˀ , ŋ̊ʘˀ , ŋʘˀ (聲門化雙唇鼻搭嘴音) sounds 聲門化齒鼻搭嘴音 ǀ̃ˀ , ǀˀ , ŋ̊ǀˀ , ŋǀˀ (聲門化齒鼻搭嘴音) sounds 聲門化齒齦鼻搭嘴音 ǃ̃ˀ , ǃˀ , ŋ̊ǃˀ , ŋǃˀ (聲門化齒齦鼻搭嘴音) sounds 聲門化捲舌鼻搭嘴音 𝼊̃ˀ , 𝼊ˀ , ŋ𝼊ˀ , ŋ̊𝼊ˀ (聲門化捲舌鼻搭嘴音) sounds 聲門化硬齶鼻搭嘴音 ǂ̃ˀ , ǂˀ , ŋ̊ǂˀ , ŋǂˀ (聲門化硬齶鼻搭嘴音) sounds 聲門化齒齦邊鼻搭嘴音 ǁ̃ˀ , ǁˀ , ŋ̊ǁˀ , ŋǁˀ (聲門化齒齦邊鼻搭嘴音) sounds 濁雙唇內爆音 ɓ̥ , ƥ (濁雙唇內爆音) sounds 濁雙唇內爆音 ɓ (濁雙唇內爆音) Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg (play) sounds 清齒齦內爆音 ɗ̥ , ƭ (清齒齦內爆音) sounds 濁齒齦內爆音 ɗ (濁齒齦內爆音) Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg (play) sounds 清捲舌內爆音 ᶑ̊ , ᶑ̥ (清捲舌內爆音) sounds 濁捲舌內爆音 ᶑ (濁捲舌內爆音) sounds 清硬齶內爆音 ʄ̊ , ʄ̥ , ƈ (清硬齶內爆音) sounds 濁硬齶內爆音 ʄ (濁硬齶內爆音) Voiced palatal implosive.ogg (play) sounds 清軟齶內爆音 ɠ̊ , ƙ (清軟齶內爆音) sounds 濁軟齶內爆音 ɠ (濁軟齶內爆音) Voiced velar implosive.ogg (play) sounds 清小舌內爆音 ʛ̥ , ʠ (清小舌內爆音) sounds 濁小舌內爆音 ʛ (濁小舌內爆音) Voiced uvular implosive.ogg (play) sounds 唇齒齦鼻音 nm 唇齦音 sounds 唇軟齶鼻音 ŋm (唇軟齶鼻音) Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg (play) sounds 清唇齒齦塞音 tp 唇齦音 sounds 濁唇齒齦塞音 db 唇齦音 sounds 清唇軟齶塞音 kp (清唇軟齶塞音) Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg (play) sounds 濁唇軟齶塞音 ɡb (濁唇軟齶塞音) Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg (play) sounds 小舌會厭塞音 qʡ 小舌會厭音 sounds Sj音 ɧ (Sj音) Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg (play) sounds 清圓唇硬齶近音 ɥ̊ (清圓唇硬齶近音) sounds 圓唇硬齶近音 ɥ (圓唇硬齶近音) Labial-palatal approximant.ogg (play) sounds 清圓唇軟齶近音 ʍ , w̥ , hw (清圓唇軟齶近音) Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg (play) sounds 濁圓唇軟齶近音 w (濁圓唇軟齶近音) Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg (play) sounds 不突出濁圓唇軟齶近音 wᵝ , ɰᵝ 濁圓唇軟齶近音 sounds 軟齶化齒邊近音 ɫ̪ , l̪ˠ (軟齶化齒邊近音) sounds 軟齶化齒齦邊音 ɫ , lˠ (軟齶化齒齦邊音) Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg (play) sounds 鼻硬齶近音 j̃ (鼻硬齶近音) sounds 鼻化圓唇軟齶近音 w̃ (鼻化圓唇軟齶近音) sounds 清鼻化聲門近音 h̃ (清鼻化聲門近音) sounds 閉前不圓唇元音 i (閉前不圓唇元音) Close front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 閉前圓唇元音 y (閉前圓唇元音) Close front rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 閉前不突出元音 y͍ , iᵝ (閉前不突出元音) Close front rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 閉前突出元音 y̫ , yʷ , iʷ (閉前突出元音) sounds 閉央不圓唇元音 ɨ , ï (閉央不圓唇元音) Close central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 閉央圓唇元音 ʉ , ü (閉央圓唇元音) Close central rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 閉央突出元音 ʉ̫ , ʉʷ , ɨʷ (閉央突出元音) Close central rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 閉央不突出元音 ÿ , ɨᵝ (閉央不突出元音) sounds 閉後不圓唇元音 ɯ (閉後不圓唇元音) Close back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 閉後圓唇元音 u (閉後圓唇元音) Close back rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 閉後突出元音 u̫ , uʷ , ɯʷ (閉後突出元音) Close back rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 閉後不突出元音 u͍ , ɯᵝ (閉後不突出元音) Ja-U.oga (play) sounds 次閉前不圓唇元音 ɪ , ɪ̟ , i̞ , e̝ (次閉前不圓唇元音) Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 次閉前圓唇元音 ʏ , y̞ , y˕ , ø̝ (次閉前圓唇元音) Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 次閉前不突出元音 ʏ͍ , ɪᵝ (次閉前不突出元音) Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 次閉前突出元音 ʏ̫ , ʏʷ , ɪʷ (次閉前突出元音) sounds 次閉央不圓唇元音 ɪ̈ , ɨ̞ , ɘ̝ (次閉央不圓唇元音) Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 次閉央圓唇元音 ʊ̈ , ʊ̟ , ʉ̞ , ɵ̝ (次閉央圓唇元音) sounds 次閉央突出元音 ʊ̫̈ , ʉ̫˕ , ʊ̈ʷ , ʉ̞ʷ , ɪ̈ʷ , ɨ̞ʷ (次閉央突出元音) sounds 次閉央不突出元音 ʏ̈ , ɨ̞ᵝ (次閉央不突出元音) sounds 次閉後不圓唇元音 ɯ̞ , ɯ̽ (次閉後不圓唇元音) Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 次閉後圓唇元音 ʊ , u̞ , o̝ (次閉後圓唇元音) Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 次閉後突出元音 ʊ̫ , ʊʷ , ɯ̽ʷ , ɤ̝̈ʷ , u̫˕ , u̞ʷ , ɯ̞ʷ , ɤ̝ʷ (次閉後突出元音) Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 次閉後不突出元音 ʊ͍ , ɯ̽ᵝ , ɯ̞̈ᵝ , ɯ̞ᵝ (次閉後不突出元音) sounds 半閉前不圓唇元音 e (半閉前不圓唇元音) Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半閉前圓唇元音 ø (半閉前圓唇元音) Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半閉前不突出元音 ø͍ , eᵝ (半閉前不突出元音) Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半閉前突出元音 ø̫ , øʷ , eʷ (半閉前突出元音) sounds 半閉央不圓唇元音 ɘ , ë , ɤ̈ (半閉央不圓唇元音) Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半閉央圓唇元音 ɵ , ö (半閉央圓唇元音) Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半閉央突出元音 ɵ̫ , ɵʷ , ɘʷ (半閉央突出元音) Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半閉央不突出元音 ø̈ , ɘᵝ (半閉央不突出元音) sounds 半閉後不圓唇元音 ɤ (半閉後不圓唇元音) Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半閉後圓唇元音 o (半閉後圓唇元音) Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半閉後突出元音 o̫ , oʷ , ɤʷ (半閉後突出元音) Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半閉後不突出元音 o͍ , ɤᵝ (半閉後不突出元音) sounds 中前不圓唇元音 e̞ , ɛ̝ (中前不圓唇元音) Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 中前圓唇元音 ø̞ , œ̝ (中前圓唇元音) sounds 中前不突出元音 ø͍˕ , œ͍˔ , e̞ᵝ , ɛ̝ᵝ (中前不突出元音) sounds 中前突出元音 ø̫˕ , œ̫˔ , ø̞ʷ , œ̝ʷ , e̞ʷ , ɛ̝ʷ (中前突出元音) sounds 中央元音 ə (中央元音) Mid-central vowel.ogg (play) sounds 中央不圓唇元音 ə̜ , ɘ̞ , ɜ̝ (中央不圓唇元音) Mid-central vowel.ogg (play) sounds 中央圓唇元音 ə̹ , ɵ̞ , ɞ̝ (中央圓唇元音) Mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 中後不圓唇元音 ɤ̞ , ʌ̝ (中後不圓唇元音) sounds 中後圓唇元音 o̞ , ɔ̝ (中後圓唇元音) Mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半開前不圓唇元音 ɛ (半開前不圓唇元音) Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半開前圓唇元音 œ (半開前圓唇元音) Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半開前不突出元音 œ͍ , ɛᵝ (半開前不突出元音) Open-mid front rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半開前突出元音 œ̫ , œʷ , ɛʷ (半開前突出元音) sounds 半開央不圓唇元音 ɜ , ɛ̈ , ʌ̈ (半開央不圓唇元音) Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半開央圓唇元音 ɞ (半開央圓唇元音) Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半開後不圓唇元音 ʌ (半開後不圓唇元音) Open-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 半開後圓唇元音 ɔ (半開後圓唇元音) Open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 次開前不圓唇元音 æ (次開前不圓唇元音) Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 次開央元音 ɐ (次開央元音) Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 次開央不圓唇元音 ɐ̜ , ɜ̞ (次開央不圓唇元音) Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 次開央圓唇元音 ɐ̹ , ɞ̞ (次開央圓唇元音) sounds 開前不圓唇元音 a , æ̞ (開前不圓唇元音) Open front unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 開前圓唇元音 ɶ (開前圓唇元音) Open front rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 開央不圓唇元音 ä , ɑ̈ , ɐ̞ (開央不圓唇元音) Open central unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 開央圓唇元音 ɒ̈ , ɶ̈ (開央圓唇元音) Open central rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 開後不圓唇元音 ɑ (開後不圓唇元音) Open back unrounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 開後圓唇元音 ɒ (開後圓唇元音) Open back rounded vowel.ogg (play) sounds 兒化元音 ɚ , ɝ , ɹ̩ , ɻ̍ (兒化元音) En-us-er.ogg (play) sounds 重音 ˈ 輕重讀 sounds 次重音 ˌ (次重音) sounds 小句（音步）組 | 韻律單位 sounds 主句（語調）組 ‖ 韻律單位 sounds 音節間斷 . 音節 sounds 聯誦 ‿ (聯誦) sounds 降階 ꜜ 音位降階 sounds 升階 ꜛ 音位升階 sounds 升語調 ↗ 韻律 (語言學) sounds 降語調 ↘ 韻律 (語言學) sounds 雙唇撞擊音 ʬ (雙唇撞擊音) sounds 雙齒撞擊音 ʭ (雙齒撞擊音) sounds 齶咽擦音 ʩ (齶咽擦音) sounds 清齒齦邊-中擦音 ʪ Lateral release (phonetics) sounds 濁齒齦邊-中擦音 ʫ Lateral release (phonetics) sounds 吸入氣流 ↓ 吸氣音 sounds 呼出氣流 ↑ 呼氣音 sounds 舌尖r ɹ̺ Pronunciation of English /r/ sounds Bunched r ɹ̈ Pronunciation of English /r/ sounds Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive ¡ Percussive consonant sounds Percussive alveolar click ǃ¡ (Percussive alveolar click) sounds Buccal interdental trill ↀr̪͆ Blowing a raspberry sounds Morphological boundary # 詞幹 sounds 零 ∅ Zero (linguistics) sounds 清化 ̥ , ̊ , ḁ , å , ů , ẘ , ẙ (清化) diacritics 濁化 ̬ 清濁音 diacritics 送氣 ʰ (送氣) diacritics 更圓唇 ̹ , ͗ , ˒ 元音圓唇度 diacritics 更展唇 ̜ , ͑ , ˓ , ͍ 元音圓唇度 diacritics 較前 ̟ , ˖ Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted diacritics 較後 ̠ , ˗ Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted diacritics 較央 ̈ Relative articulation#Centralized vowels diacritics 中央化 ̽ Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel diacritics 成音節 ̩ , ̍ 音節輔音 diacritics 不成音節 ̯ , ̑ 半元音 diacritics 日化 ˞ 日化元音 En-us-er.ogg (play) diacritics 呼氣音 ̤ , ṳ , ʱ 呼氣聲 diacritics 吱嘎音 ̰ , ḛ , ḭ , ṵ Creaky voice diacritics 舌唇化 ̼ 舌唇音 diacritics 唇音化 ʷ , ̫ (唇音化) diacritics 齶音化 ʲ (齶音化) diacritics 軟齶化 ˠ (軟齶化) diacritics 咽化 ˤ (咽化) diacritics 軟齶化或咽化 ̴ , ᵯ , ᵰ , ᵱ , ᵬ , ᵮ , ᵵ , ᵭ , ᵴ , ᵶ , ᵳ , ᵲ 軟齶化 diacritics 較高 ̝ , ˔ Relative articulation#Raised and lowered diacritics 較低 ̞ , ˕ Relative articulation#Raised and lowered diacritics 舌根前移 ̘ (舌根前移) diacritics 舌根後移 ̙ (舌根後移) diacritics 齒化 ̪ , ͆ 齒音 diacritics 舌尖化 ̺ 舌尖音 diacritics 舌葉化 ̻ 舌葉音 diacritics 鼻音化 ̃ , ṽ (鼻音化) diacritics 鼻化元音 ĩ , ỹ , ɨ̃ , ʉ̃ , ɯ̃ , ũ , ɪ̃ , ʏ̃ , ʊ̃ , ẽ , ø̃ , ɘ̃ , ɵ̃ , ɤ̃ , õ , ə̃ , ɛ̃ , œ̃ , ɜ̃ , ɞ̃ , ʌ̃ , ɔ̃ , æ̃ , ɐ̃ , ã , ɶ̃ , ä̃ , ɑ̃ , ɒ̃ (鼻化元音) diacritics 鼻音除阻 ⁿ (鼻音除阻) diacritics 邊音除阻 ˡ (邊音除阻) diacritics 無聲除阻 ̚ (無聲除阻) diacritics 擠喉 ʼ 擠喉音 diacritics 聲門化 ˀ 聲門音 diacritics 唇硬齶化 ᶣ 唇硬齶音 diacritics 長音 ː 長音 (語音學) diacritics 半長音 ˑ 長音 (語音學) diacritics 特短 ̆ (特短) diacritics 重音 ̋ , ́ , ̄ , ̀ , ̏ 高低重音 diacritics 聲調 ̌ , ű , ӳ , ő , ̂ , í , ý , ú , é , ó , á , ᷄ , ī , ȳ , ū , ē , ō , ǣ , ā , ᷅ , ì , ỳ , ù , è , ò , à , ᷈ , ȉ , ȕ , ȅ , ȍ , ȁ , ˥ , ˦ , ˧ , ˨ , ˩ (聲調) diacritics 齦 ͇ 齦音 diacritics 強發音 ͈ , ̎ 強發音與弱發音 diacritics 弱發音 ͉ , ᷂ 強發音與弱發音 diacritics 去鼻音化 ͊ (去鼻音化) diacritics 齶咽摩擦 ͌ 齶咽音 diacritics 口哨音 ͎ Whistled sibilant diacritics 不送氣 ˭ 不送氣音 diacritics 前送氣 ʰp , ʰt , ʰʈ , ʰc , ʰk , ʰq , ʰn (前送氣) diacritics 捲舌 ̣ , ̢ 捲舌音 diacritics 前鼻音化 ᵐ , ᶬ , ⁿt , ⁿd , ⁿθ , ⁿð , ⁿs , ⁿz , ⁿʃ , ⁿʒ , ⁿɕ , ⁿʑ , ⁿr , ⁿɬ , ⁿɮ , ⁿl , ᶯ , ᶮ , ᵑ , ᶰ (前鼻音化) diacritics 前塞音化 ᵖ , ᵇ , ᵗ , ᵈ , ᶜ , ᶡ , ᵏ , ᶢ , ᴳ (前塞音化) diacritics