·
年代地层学
岩段(地层
地质年代学
时间间隔
说明
共有4个,大于5亿年
共有14个,数亿年
共有22个,数千万至数亿年
共有34个,数千万年
共有99个,数百万年
小于期,国际地层委员会(ICS)不使用
规范用法:恐龙生活在侏罗纪(时间),恐龙化石在侏罗系地层中找到。上、下修饰年代地层单位。早、晚修饰地质年代单位。(例:下白垩统对应早白垩世)

(epoch)是指地质学考古学的一个时间单位。

最初由莱伊尔在他的《地质学原理》一书中,首先使用“世”的附加时间单元来表示恐龙时代以后的时期。其中由远而近有渐新世(Oligocene“有一点近”)、中新世(Miocene“颇近”)、上新世(Pliocene“较近”)、更新世(Pleistocene“最近”)等。

莱伊尔原本想用“-synchronous”作为这几个字的字尾,却遭当时具有影响力的惠卫耳(William Whewell,1794年-1866年)牧师基于字根学上的理由反对,建议改用“-eous”当字尾,最后的“-cene”算是折衷的办法。

地质年代参照表 编辑


参见 编辑

参考资料 编辑

  1. ^ Paleontologists often refer to faunal stage英语faunal stages rather than geologic (geological) periods. The stage nomenclature is quite complex. For an excellent time-ordered list of faunal stages, see The Paleobiology Database. [2006-03-19]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Dates are slightly uncertain with differences of a few percent between various sources being common. This is largely due to uncertainties in radiometric dating and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where they would be most useful. The dates and errors quoted above are according to the International Commission on Stratigraphy 2004 time scale. Dates labeled with a * indicate boundaries where a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point has been internationally agreed upon: see Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Points - International Commission on Stratigraphy,存于互联网档案馆 for a complete list.
  3. ^ References to the "Post-Cambrian Supereon" are not universally accepted, and therefore must be considered unofficial.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Historically, the 新生代 has been divided up into the 第四纪 and 第三纪 sub-eras, as well as the 新近纪 and 古近纪 periods. The 2009 version of the ICS time chart recognizes a slightly extended Quaternary as well as the Paleogene and a truncated Neogene, the Tertiary having been demoted to informal status.
  5. ^ 王瑜 成星:“国际地层委员会更新国际年代地层表 4200年前地球进入新的地质时期——梅加拉亚期”,《中国自然资源报》 发布时间:2018-08-01
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 For more information on this, see the following articles: 地球大气层, 二氧化碳, Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere英语Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere, global warming, 气候变迁, Image:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png, Image:65 Myr Climate Change.png, Image:Five Myr Climate Change.png, and Template:DF temperature
  7. ^ The start time for the Holocene epoch is here given as 11,700 years ago. For further discussion of the dating of this epoch, see Holocene.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 在北美,石炭纪被细分为 Mississippian英语Mississippian and Pennsylvanian英语Pennsylvanian Periods.
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 上石炭纪地质在欧美及中国均以盛产煤炭著名,因此便以石炭纪为此时代地层的名称,但在美国则以密士西必纪作为下石炭纪,另以宾夕法尼亚纪称上部石炭纪。[1]
  10. ^ The Precambrian is also known as Cryptozoic.
  11. ^ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 The Proterozoic, Archean and Hadean are often collectively referred to as the Precambrian Time or sometimes, also the Cryptozoic.
  12. ^ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 Defined by absolute age (Global Standard Stratigraphic Age英语Global Standard Stratigraphic Age).
  13. ^ The age of the oldest measurable craton, or continental crust, is dated to 3600–3800 Ma
  14. ^ Though commonly used, the Hadean 不是一个正式的 eon 并且没有商定太古宙和太古宙的下界。 Hadean 有时也被称为 Priscoan 或 Azoic。 有时,可以发现冥古界是根据 lunar geologic time scale. These eras include the Cryptic and Basin Groups (which are subdivisions of the Pre-Nectarian era), Nectarian, and Early Imbrian英语Early Imbrian units.
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 These unit names were taken from the Lunar geologic timescale and refer to geologic events that did not occur on Earth. Their use for Earth geology is unofficial.
  16. ^ Bowring, Samuel A.; Williams, Ian S. Priscoan (4.00–4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 1999, 134 (1): 3. Bibcode:1999CoMP..134....3B. doi:10.1007/s004100050465.  The oldest rock on Earth is the Acasta Gneiss英语Acasta Gneiss, and it dates to 4.03 Ga, located in the Northwest Territories of Canada.
  17. ^ Geology.wisc.edu