維基百科:官方名稱

人們經常認為,如果維基百科條目的主題存在官方名稱,那麼這個名稱就應該是該條目的正確標題,如果該條目目前是別的標題,那麼它就應該被移動。在很多情況下,這違背了維基百科的實踐與方針。這是一個非常容易犯,而且十分普遍的錯誤。在提議或支持名稱變更之前,許多頁面都會敦促編輯閱讀命名常規方針。但由於種種原因,完全基於官方或法定名稱的提議才會不斷出現!

Wikipedia:命名常規方針的部分內容如下:

所有條目命名都應當首先使用大多數中文用戶最容易理解、最不容易混淆的文字,同時儘量確保其他人可以簡單且匹配常識地連結到這些條目。

在許多情況下,官方名稱是符合這些標準的最佳選擇。 然而也存在例外情況。維基百科不一定使用條目主題的「官方」名稱作為標題。

有效使用官方名稱

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官方中文名稱可以稱為一篇條目的候選名字,因為有人可能會使用它。它應該永遠有成為條目標題可能性,但只有當它實際上是最常用的名稱時才應該成為標題。

僅在其他語言中使用的官方名稱往往沒有任何相關性。中文用法會覆蓋其他語言的用法,因此如果在撰寫維基百科條目之前從未有人用中文描述或討論過這個主題,那麼其他語言將主要變得相關;

已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯

Official names used only in other languages often have no relevance at all. English usage overrides usage in other languages, so other languages would chiefly become relevant if the topic had never been described or discussed in English prior to the writing of the Wikipedia article; in which case, we should consider whether the subject is notable enough for an article. (It may well be.) Of course, that's not to say we should slavishly follow English sources either: there are cases where English usage is erratic or hasn't decided on a convention, and going back to a Latin-script original name will simplify things (For example, Les Tuniques Bleues had a video game adaptation that was translated into English as "North and South", but anyone looking for the comic likely wouldn't recognize that name).

There are a few subject areas in which the most common names for the articles are usually ambiguous. (For example, both Henry IV of England and Henry IV of France are commonly called "Henry IV".) In such cases, a systematic use of unambiguous but predictable names has been encouraged. Even the following minor deviations from the use of common names should be done carefully and with limited scope, to avoid controversy

名稱變更

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在官方名稱變更的情況下,我們確實會給予變更後發佈的二手來源額外的比重,參見WP:命名常規。但這只適用於二手來源,不適用於僅重複名稱變更的新聞稿等一手來源。

合理性

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通用名稱的選擇避免了官方名稱的幾個問題:

  • 冷門:除了法律、其他深奧的文件或為戲劇效果外,一些官方名稱從未使用過。
  • 競爭的權威:有時同一主題可能有多個競爭的名稱,每個名稱在某種程度上都是官方的。
  • 更名:一旦權威機構心血來潮,官方名稱可能隨時修改。通用名稱則變化遲緩,以減少使名稱準確和廣泛接受所需的維護工作。
已隱藏部分未翻譯內容,歡迎參與翻譯

Some types of article suffer more from each of these problems than others. Geographical names rarely suffer from frequent changes, but may suffer from several competing authorities, particularly in disputed and/or historically significant territories. Official names of unreleased games may change several times within a week, but there is only one authority, the vendor. Common drugs such as aspirin typically have official names (2-acetyloxybenzoic acid in the case of aspirin) that are sufficiently obscure as to be completely unknown and unrecognizable to the vast majority of their users. Official names of sponsored sports teams, tournaments and venues change whenever a sponsorship agreement begins or ends.

Using common names also reflects the general trend, since the mid-twentieth century, away from Victorian-era linguistic prescription. We use English as we find it. Trying to improve the consistency of English may be a laudable thing (or not), but Wikipedia is not the place to do it.

當條目標題不是官方名稱時

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如果存在無可爭議的官方名稱時:

  • 應該在條目介紹開始時提供(如序言),在第一次提及時加上粗體。
  • 如果官方名稱與條目名稱不同,則應該創建從官方名稱到條目名稱的重定向。

有爭議,以前的或歷史性的官方名稱也應該以重定向體現,並在文章中加入類似介紹,除非有很多名稱或名稱比較模糊,在這種情況下:

  • 在條目的適當章節提及(通常為第一句)這些名稱。
  • 重定向應指向條目這一章節.

所有官方名稱的重定向都應以{{R from official name}}模板標記,該模板會自動將其放入適當的分類中。

參見

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